Verbs and tense
By the end of this chapter you will be able to
- Find the verbs in a sentence, and say what they tell us
- Write the present tense, with s for he, she, it and names
- Write the past tense of regular and common irregular verbs
- Use is, am, are, was or were with an -ing verb
- Choose the tense that matches a time word, such as yesterday or every day
- Re-read my writing and check that each verb is right
You should already know
- Nouns and noun phrases (Chapter 4)
- Spelling rules for -ed, -ing and -es endings, such as hopping and hurried (Chapter 2)
Where this leads
- Adjectives, adverbs and sentences (Chapter 6)
- Writing stories and checking verbs (Chapter 11)
National Curriculum for England, Key Stage 1 English, Year 2. Content: Use the term verb: a word that tells what someone or something does, Use the present and past tenses correctly and consistently, Use the progressive form in simple use, such as is running and was running, Re-read writing to check that verbs for time are right and the same tense is kept, Use the terms verb, tense, past and present.
Exercise P Do you remember?
Method. Look at the first two letters of the word.
- Look at knee. The k is written but not said.k-nee
- Find the sound. The kn together make the n sound.kn = n sound
- Write the answer. kn
Check. knee starts with kn, and the n sound is heard. ✓
Watch out. The k is silent in knee.
Method. Double the last letter of a short word with one vowel.
- Look at shop. One vowel, o, with one consonant, p, at the end.shop
- Double the consonant, then add -ing. Add p, then ing.shop + p + ing = shopping
- Write the answer. shopping
Check. shopping has two p letters. ✓
Watch out. Write shopping, not shoping.
Method. Match the meaning to the tricky word.
- Read the meaning. For the reason that is the word because.for the reason that
- Find the word. Because has an au in the middle, which is the tricky part to remember.because
- Write the answer. because
Check. because has the letters b-e-c-a-u-s-e. ✓
Watch out. Be careful with the au in because.
Method. Put the describing word between the and cat.
- Start with the phrase. The, a gap, and cat.the ___ cat
- Fill the gap. Black describes the cat, so it goes in the gap.the black cat
- Write the answer. the black cat
Check. Read it aloud: the black cat. ✓
Watch out. Describing words go before the noun.
Method. Look at the end of the word.
- Look at match. Match ends in ch, so it needs es.match
- Add the ending. Add es to make the plural.match + es = matches
- Write the answer. matches
Check. Two matches: match + es. ✓
Watch out. Words ending in ch add es.
Verbs: action words
A verb is an action word. It tells us what someone or something does.
Jump, run and swim are verbs. The dog barked. The bee buzzes.
Is, are, was and were are verbs too. They tell us what is true now or before.
The sun is bright. Mia was happy.
Key ideas
- A verb is an action word: it tells what someone or something does.
- Ask: what is happening, or what did they do?
- Is, are, was and were are verbs too.
- Nouns name things. Describing words tell what something is like.
Method. Find the word that tells what the duck did.
- Read the sentence. Look for the word that shows an action.The duck swam on the pond.
- Find the action. Swam tells what the duck did. Duck and pond are nouns, not verbs.swam (verb)
- Check the other words. On tells where. It is a small word, not a verb.on: not a verb
- Write the answer. swam
Check. The duck did the swimming, so swam is the verb. ✓
Watch out. Duck and pond name things, so they are nouns.
Method. Find the word that tells us about Mia.
- Read the sentence. Look for the word that links Mia to school.Mia is at school.
- Find the verb. Is tells us where Mia is. It is a verb.is (verb)
- Check the other words. At tells where. School names a place.at, school: not verbs
- Write the answer. is
Check. Is counts as a verb, even though it is a small word. ✓
Watch out. Is, are, was and were are verbs.
Method. Look for every action word in the sentence.
- Read the sentence. Look for the action words.The frog hopped and then sat.
- Find the first action. Hopped tells what the frog did.hopped (verb)
- Find the second action. Sat tells what the frog did next.sat (verb)
- Write the answer. hopped and sat
Check. Hopped and sat are both action words. ✓
Watch out. The words then and are not verbs.
Watch out
Watch out: a describing word is not a verb. In the tall tree, tall describes the tree. In the tree is tall, is is the verb.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Act out a few verbs together: hop, clap, sit, wave. Ask your child to say the action word for what you are doing.
Exercise 5A Practice: finding verbs
Method. Find the word that tells what the dog did.
- Read the sentence. Look for the word that tells what the dog did.The dog barked at the cat.
- Find the action. Barked tells what the dog did. Dog and cat are nouns.barked (verb)
- Write the answer. barked
Check. The dog did the barking, so barked is the verb. ✓
Watch out. Dog and cat name animals, so they are not verbs.
Method. Check each word: does it tell what someone does?
- Look at cat. Cat names an animal, so it is a noun.cat: noun
- Look at run. Run tells what someone does, so it is a verb.run: verb
- Look at happy. Happy describes how someone feels, so it is not a verb.happy: not a verb
- Write the answer. run
Check. Run is the only action word. ✓
Watch out. A verb is an action word.
Method. Find the action word.
- Read the sentence. Look for what the bee does.The bee buzzes in the garden.
- Find the action. Buzzes tells what the bee does. Garden is a noun.buzzes (verb)
- Write the answer. buzzes
Check. The bee does the buzzing. ✓
Watch out. Garden names a place, so it is not a verb.
Method. Find the action word.
- Read the sentence. Look for what Leo does.Leo kicks the ball.
- Find the action. Kicks tells what Leo does. Ball is a noun.kicks (verb)
- Write the answer. kicks
Check. Leo does the kicking, so kicks is the verb. ✓
Watch out. Ball names a thing, so it is not a verb.
Method. Find the word that links the sun to the describing word.
- Look at sun. Sun names a thing, so it is a noun.sun: noun
- Look at bright. Bright describes the sun.bright: describing word
- Look at is. Is links the sun to bright, so it is a verb.is (verb)
- Write the answer. is
Check. Is tells us the sun is bright. ✓
Watch out. The word is counts as a verb, even when nothing seems to happen.
Method. Compare the words: which one does not tell what someone does?
- Look at climb, slide and swing. Each of these tells what someone does.climb, slide, swing: verbs
- Look at happy. Happy describes how someone feels, so it is not a verb.happy: describing word
- Write the answer. happy, because it describes. The others tell what someone does.
Check. Climb, slide and swing are actions; happy is not. ✓
Watch out. Describing words are not verbs.
Method. Find every action word.
- Read the sentence. Look for what the children did.The children ran and jumped in the park.
- Find the first action. Ran tells what the children did.ran (verb)
- Find the second action. Jumped tells what the children did too.jumped (verb)
- Write the answer. ran and jumped
Check. Ran and jumped are both verbs. ✓
Watch out. In the park names a place, so it is not a verb.
Method. Think of something a rabbit does.
- Look at the picture. The rabbit is the one doing the action.the rabbit
- Think of an action. A rabbit can hop, run or sit.hops (verb)
- Write the answer. Any verb for what a rabbit does, for example: hops
Check. Hops is an action word. ✓
Watch out. Any action word that tells what a rabbit does is right.
Method. Check what the word does in the sentence.
- Read the word. Happy tells how Priya feels.happy
- Check the rule. A verb is an action word. Happy is not an action.happy: not an action
- Write the answer. No. Happy describes how Priya feels. A verb tells what someone does.
Check. Feeling a word is not the same as doing an action. ✓
Watch out. Describing words are not verbs.
Method. Find the action word.
- Read the sentence. Look for what Mia did.Mia sat on the bench.
- Find the action. Sat tells what Mia did. On tells where, so it is not a verb.sat (verb)
- Write the answer. sat
Check. Mia sat, so sat is the verb. ✓
Watch out. Bench is a noun, so it is not a verb.
Method. Think of what a duck does in the water.
- Look at the picture. The duck is in the water.the duck
- Think of an action. A duck swims, dives or paddles.swims (verb)
- Write the answer. Any verb for what a duck does in water, for example: swims
Check. Swims is an action word. ✓
Watch out. Any action word for a duck in water is right.
The present tense: now and often
The present tense tells us what happens now, or what happens often.
For I, we, you and they, use the verb as it is: I jump, they jump.
For one person, animal or thing, add an ending: Leo jumps, the frog jumps.
Add es after s, x, z, ch, sh or o: washes, buzzes, goes.
If a verb ends in a consonant and y, change the y to i and add es: hurry becomes hurries.
Key ideas
- The present tense tells what happens now, or often.
- I, we, you and they: no ending (I jump, they jump).
- One person, animal or thing: add an ending (Leo jumps).
- Add es after s, x, z, ch, sh or o: washes, goes.
- Change y to i, then add es: hurries.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. I uses the verb as it is, with no ending.I
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.walk stays walk
- Write the answer. walk
Check. Say it aloud: I walk to school. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Leo is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Leo
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.jump changes to jumps
- Write the answer. jumps
Check. Say it aloud: Leo jumps over the log. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Chloe is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Chloe
- Write the verb. It ends in s, x, z, ch, sh or o, so add es.wash changes to washes
- Write the answer. washes
Check. Say it aloud: Chloe washes the car. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Watch out
Watch out: do not add s after I, we, you or they. Write they jump, not they jumps.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Say “I jump”, then “Leo jumps”. Point to the ending on paper. Then try hurry: I hurry, Ruby hurries.
Exercise 5B Practice: the present tense
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. I uses the verb as it is, with no ending.I
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.walk stays walk
- Write the answer. walk
Check. Say it aloud: I walk to school. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Leo is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Leo
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.jump changes to jumps
- Write the answer. jumps
Check. Say it aloud: Leo jumps over the log. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. They uses the verb as it is, with no ending.They
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.play stays play
- Write the answer. play
Check. Say it aloud: They play in the park. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. The bee is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.The bee
- Write the verb. It ends in s, x, z, ch, sh or o, so add es.buzz changes to buzzes
- Write the answer. buzzes
Check. Say it aloud: The bee buzzes around the flower. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Ruby is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Ruby
- Write the verb. It ends in a consonant and y, so change the y to i and add es.hurry changes to hurries
- Write the answer. hurries
Check. Say it aloud: Ruby hurries home for tea. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. We uses the verb as it is, with no ending.We
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.go stays go
- Write the answer. go
Check. Say it aloud: We go to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. The cat is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.The cat
- Write the verb. It ends in s, x, z, ch, sh or o, so add es.catch changes to catches
- Write the answer. catches
Check. Say it aloud: The cat catches the ball. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. I uses the verb as it is, with no ending.I
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.hop stays hop
- Write the answer. hop
Check. Say it aloud: I hop into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Leo is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Leo
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.hop changes to hops
- Write the answer. hops
Check. Say it aloud: Leo hops into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. They uses the verb as it is, with no ending.They
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.hop stays hop
- Write the answer. hop
Check. Say it aloud: They hop into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. The ducks uses the verb as it is, with no ending.The ducks
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.swim stays swim
- Write the answer. swim
Check. Say it aloud: The ducks swim in the pool. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. The duck is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.The duck
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.swim changes to swims
- Write the answer. swims
Check. Say it aloud: The duck swims in the pool. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Look at the subject: the two ducks.
- Look at the subject. The two ducks is more than one, so the verb has no ending.the two ducks
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.swim stays swim
- Write the answer. swim
Check. Say it aloud: The two ducks swim in the pond. ✓
Watch out. More than one needs no ending on the verb.
Method. Find the subject and check the verb.
- Find the subject. The subject is I.I
- Check the verb. I does not take an ending, so jumps must be jump.jumps becomes jump
- Read the sentence again. Every day means the present tense, so the verb is right now.Every day I jump over the log.
- Write the answer. Every day I jump over the log.
Check. I jump is the correct present tense. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I.
The past tense: what happened before
The past tense tells us what happened before, such as yesterday or last week.
Most verbs add ed: jump becomes jumped, walk becomes walked.
If a verb ends in e, add only d: bake becomes baked.
Some verbs change their spelling. They are irregular verbs. Learn them by heart:
| Present (now) | Past (before) |
|---|---|
| go | went |
| run | ran |
| see | saw |
| eat | ate |
| take | took |
| buy | bought |
Key ideas
- Most past tense verbs add ed: jump, jumped.
- A verb ending in e adds d: bake, baked.
- Irregular verbs change their spelling: go becomes went.
- Do not add ed to an irregular verb.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.jump
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.jump becomes jumped
- Write the answer. jumped
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Leo jumped over the log. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.bake
- Change the verb. It ends in e, so add only d.bake becomes baked
- Write the answer. baked
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Priya baked a cake. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.go
- Change the verb. go is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes went.go becomes went
- Write the answer. went
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday we went to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. go becomes went, not goed.
Watch out
Watch out: goed is wrong. The past tense of go is went. Check the table for the irregular verbs.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Ask: “What did you do yesterday?” Then say the same sentence with “today” and change the verb together. Practise walk, walked and go, went.
Exercise 5C Practice: the past tense
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.jump
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.jump becomes jumped
- Write the answer. jumped
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Leo jumped over the log. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.go
- Change the verb. go is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes went.go becomes went
- Write the answer. went
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday we went to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. go becomes went, not goed.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.swim
- Change the verb. swim is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes swam.swim becomes swam
- Write the answer. swam
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday the duck swam in the pool. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. swim becomes swam, not swimed.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.bake
- Change the verb. It ends in e, so add only d.bake becomes baked
- Write the answer. baked
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Priya baked a cake. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.hurry
- Change the verb. It ends in a consonant and y, so change the y to i and add ed.hurry becomes hurried
- Write the answer. hurried
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Tom hurried home for tea. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.see
- Change the verb. see is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes saw.see becomes saw
- Write the answer. saw
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday I saw a rainbow. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. see becomes saw, not seeed.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.eat
- Change the verb. eat is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes ate.eat becomes ate
- Write the answer. ate
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday the children ate an apple. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. eat becomes ate, not eated.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.catch
- Change the verb. catch is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes caught.catch becomes caught
- Write the answer. caught
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Sam caught the ball. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. catch becomes caught, not catched.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.wash
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.wash becomes washed
- Write the answer. washed
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Chloe washed the car. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.climb
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.climb becomes climbed
- Write the answer. climbed
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Zainab climbed the tree. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.paint
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.paint becomes painted
- Write the answer. painted
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Ben painted a picture. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.buy
- Change the verb. buy is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes bought.buy becomes bought
- Write the answer. bought
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday we bought a bun. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. buy becomes bought, not buyed.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.make
- Change the verb. make is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes made.make becomes made
- Write the answer. made
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday they made a card. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. make becomes made, not makeed.
Method. Find the time, then change the verb.
- Find the time. Last week means it has already happened, so use the past tense.last week
- Look at hop. Hop has one short vowel between two consonants, so the p is doubled.hop
- Change the verb. Double the p, then add ed.hop + p + ed
- Write the answer. hopped
Check. Say it aloud: the frog hopped into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Double the last letter before ed: hopped, not hoped.
Method. Find the verb that is wrong, and use the irregular form.
- Find the wrong verb. Goed is not a real past tense word.goed
- Use the irregular past. The past tense of go is went.go becomes went
- Read the sentence again. Yesterday means the past tense, so the verb is right now.Yesterday I went to the park.
- Write the answer. Yesterday I went to the park.
Check. Went is the past tense of go. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed.
The progressive form: is running, was running
The progressive form tells us that an action is still going on at a time.
For now, use is, am or are with an -ing verb: Leo is running. I am singing. They are playing.
For a time before, use was or were: Leo was running. They were playing.
The helper word comes first, then the -ing verb.
Key ideas
- Now: is, am or are, then the -ing verb (is running).
- A time before: was or were, then the -ing verb (was running).
- Use am with I. Use is with one person or thing. Use are with more than one.
- Use was with I or one person or thing. Use were with more than one.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for Mia: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. paint becomes painting. Add ing to the verb.is + painting
- Write the answer. is painting
Check. Say it aloud: Mia is painting a picture. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use was for Leo: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.was
- Add the -ing form. run becomes running. Double the last letter, then add ing.was + running
- Write the answer. was running
Check. Say it aloud: Leo was running to the gate. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use are for they: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.are
- Add the -ing form. play becomes playing. Add ing to the verb.are + playing
- Write the answer. are playing
Check. Say it aloud: they are playing in the park. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Watch out
Watch out: write is running, not just running. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come first.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Act out something together, such as hopping. Say: “I am hopping. You are hopping.” Then ask what you were doing yesterday, and use was or were.
Exercise 5D Practice: the progressive form
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for Mia: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. paint becomes painting. Add ing to the verb.is + painting
- Write the answer. is painting
Check. Say it aloud: Mia is painting a picture. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use are for they: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.are
- Add the -ing form. play becomes playing. Add ing to the verb.are + playing
- Write the answer. are playing
Check. Say it aloud: they are playing in the park. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use was for Leo: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.was
- Add the -ing form. run becomes running. Double the last letter, then add ing.was + running
- Write the answer. was running
Check. Say it aloud: Leo was running to the gate. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use were for we: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.were
- Add the -ing form. swim becomes swimming. Double the last letter, then add ing.were + swimming
- Write the answer. were swimming
Check. Say it aloud: we were swimming in the pool. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use am for I: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.am
- Add the -ing form. sing becomes singing. Add ing to the verb.am + singing
- Write the answer. am singing
Check. Say it aloud: I am singing a song. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for the dog: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. dig becomes digging. Double the last letter, then add ing.is + digging
- Write the answer. is digging
Check. Say it aloud: the dog is digging in the sand. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use were for you: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.were
- Add the -ing form. jump becomes jumping. Add ing to the verb.were + jumping
- Write the answer. were jumping
Check. Say it aloud: you were jumping over the log. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for the frog: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. hop becomes hopping. Double the last letter, then add ing.is + hopping
- Write the answer. is hopping
Check. Say it aloud: the frog is hopping into the garden. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for Ruby: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. bake becomes baking. Drop the e, then add ing.is + baking
- Write the answer. is baking
Check. Say it aloud: Ruby is baking a cake. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use was for Ruby: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.was
- Add the -ing form. bake becomes baking. Drop the e, then add ing.was + baking
- Write the answer. was baking
Check. Say it aloud: Ruby was baking a cake. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Find the time, then choose the helper word for Leo.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment.now
- Choose the helper word. Leo is one person, so the helper word must be is.is
- Write the answer. is
Check. Now, Leo is running to the gate. ✓
Watch out. Running needs a helper word before it.
Method. Find the time, then use the past helper word for we.
- Find the time. Yesterday means a time before now, so use was or were.yesterday
- Choose the helper word. We is more than one, so the helper word is were.were
- Put the words together. Were, then the -ing verb running.were running
- Write the answer. Yesterday, we were running to the park.
Check. We were running is the past progressive. ✓
Watch out. Use were with we, you and they.
Time words and the same tense
Time words tell us which tense to use. Read the time word first.
Yesterday, last week and last summer go with the past tense: Yesterday, Tom walked to school.
Every day, each morning and now go with the present tense: Every day, Tom walks to school.
Keep the same tense in one sentence. Do not mix a past time word with a present verb.
Key ideas
- Yesterday and last week: use the past tense.
- Every day, each morning and now: use the present tense.
- Check that the verb matches the time word.
- Do not switch tense in the middle of a sentence.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Yesterday tells us the past tense.Yesterday
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of walk is walked.walked
- Check the other verb. walks is the other tense, so it does not fit yesterday.walks: wrong tense
- Write the answer. walked
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday, Tom walked to school. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Every day tells us the present tense.Every day
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of play is plays.plays
- Check the other verb. played is the other tense, so it does not fit every day.played: wrong tense
- Write the answer. plays
Check. Say it aloud: Every day, Ali plays in the park. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Last week tells us the past tense.Last week
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of see is saw.saw
- Check the other verb. see is the other tense, so it does not fit last week.see: wrong tense
- Write the answer. saw
Check. Say it aloud: Last week, I saw a rainbow. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Watch out
Watch out: a time word tells you the tense. Yesterday Tom walks is wrong. Write walked.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Write two sentences on paper: one about yesterday, one about every day. Point to the time word, then to the verb, and ask: do they match?
Exercise 5E Practice: time words and the tense
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Yesterday tells us the past tense.Yesterday
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of take is took.took
- Check the other verb. takes is the other tense, so it does not fit yesterday.takes: wrong tense
- Write the answer. took
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday, Ben took the bus. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Every day tells us the present tense.Every day
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of go is go.go
- Check the other verb. went is the other tense, so it does not fit every day.went: wrong tense
- Write the answer. go
Check. Say it aloud: Every day, we go to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Each morning tells us the present tense.Each morning
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of hop is hops.hops
- Check the other verb. hopped is the other tense, so it does not fit each morning.hopped: wrong tense
- Write the answer. hops
Check. Say it aloud: Each morning, the rabbit hops into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Last week tells us the past tense.Last week
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of catch is caught.caught
- Check the other verb. catches is the other tense, so it does not fit last week.catches: wrong tense
- Write the answer. caught
Check. Say it aloud: Last week, Ali caught the ball. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Every day tells us the present tense.Every day
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of wash is washes.washes
- Check the other verb. washed is the other tense, so it does not fit every day.washed: wrong tense
- Write the answer. washes
Check. Say it aloud: Every day, Chloe washes the car. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Yesterday tells us the past tense.Yesterday
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of play is played.played
- Check the other verb. plays is the other tense, so it does not fit yesterday.plays: wrong tense
- Write the answer. played
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday, Leo played in the park. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Every day tells us the present tense.Every day
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of buy is buys.buys
- Check the other verb. bought is the other tense, so it does not fit every day.bought: wrong tense
- Write the answer. buys
Check. Say it aloud: Every day, Ruby buys a bun. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Find the time word, then change the verb to the past.
- Find the time word. Last summer means the past tense.last summer
- Look at the verb. Swim is in the present, so it is wrong here.swim
- Change the verb. The past tense of swim is swam.swim becomes swam
- Write the answer. swam
Check. Last summer, we swam in the sea. ✓
Watch out. Swam is the past tense of swim.
Method. Find the time, then use the present tense for Sam.
- Find the time. Every day means the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Sam is one person, so the verb takes an ending.Sam
- Write the verb. For one person, take adds s: takes.take becomes takes
- Write the answer. takes
Check. Every day, Sam takes the bus to school. ✓
Watch out. Add s for one person.
Method. Find the time word, then change the verb.
- Find the time word. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Change the verb. The past tense of buy is bought.buy becomes bought
- Write the answer. bought
Check. Yesterday, Ruby bought a bun. ✓
Watch out. Buy is irregular.
Method. Find the time word, then check the verb.
- Find the time word. Every day means the present tense.every day
- Check the verb. Ruby is one person, so buys is right.buys is right
- Write the answer. buys
Check. Every day, Ruby buys a bun. ✓
Watch out. Buys is already right here.
Method. Check each verb against its time word.
- Look at Last week. Last week means the past tense, so see is wrong.see should be saw
- Look at Now. Now means the present tense, so saw is wrong.saw should be see
- Write the sentence again. The two verbs swap places.Last week I saw a fox. Now I see it again.
- Write the answer. see should be saw, and saw should be see
Check. Last week I saw a fox. Now I see it again. ✓
Watch out. Check each verb with its time word.
Re-reading to check the tense
When you write, re-read each sentence. Check that every verb matches its time word.
Here is a short story. Every verb is in the past tense.
Last Saturday, Priya and her dad went to the park. They played on the swings. Then they fed the ducks. Priya laughed and laughed.
The tense is the form of the verb that shows when something happens. We have a past tense and a present tense.
Key ideas
- Re-read your writing to check it makes sense.
- Check each verb against its time word.
- Keep the same tense for the same time.
- Read your writing aloud to check it.
Method. Find the time word, then check the verb.
- Find the time word. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Check the verb. Walks is the present tense, so it is wrong here.walks: present tense
- Write the answer. walks
Check. The verb should be walked. ✓
Watch out. Check the verb with its time word.
Method. Change each present verb to the past tense.
- Find the verbs. Walks, buys and runs are all present tense.walks, buys, runs
- Change them to the past. Walks becomes walked, buys becomes bought, and runs becomes ran.walked, bought, ran
- Write the answer. Yesterday, Sam walked to the shop. He bought a bun. Then he ran home.
Check. Every verb now matches yesterday. ✓
Watch out. Buys and runs are not yesterday verbs.
Method. Find the time word and the verb.
- Find the time word. Last Saturday means the past tense.last Saturday
- Check the verb. Go is the present tense, so it is wrong.go: present tense
- Change the verb. The past tense of go is went.go becomes went
- Write the answer. go is wrong; it should be went
Check. Last Saturday, we went to the park. ✓
Watch out. Go is irregular, so it becomes went.
Watch out
Watch out: when you change one verb, check the others. A story told in the past needs past verbs for each action.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Ask your child to read one sentence they wrote. Point to the time word, then to the verb, and ask: do they match? Then read the whole piece aloud together.
Exercise 5F Practice: checking the tense in writing
Method. Find the time word, then check each verb.
- Find the time word. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Check the verb. Walks is present tense, so it is the wrong one.walks
- Write the answer. walks
Check. Walks should be walked. ✓
Watch out. The time word is the clue.
Method. Change the verb to the past tense.
- Find the time word. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Change the verb. Plays becomes played.plays becomes played
- Write the answer. played
Check. Yesterday, Ali played football. ✓
Watch out. Played is the past tense of play.
Method. Change each verb to the past tense.
- Look at buys. Buys is irregular: it becomes bought.bought
- Look at runs. Runs is irregular: it becomes ran.ran
- Write the answer. bought and ran
Check. He bought a bun. Then he ran home. ✓
Watch out. Learn the irregular past forms.
Method. Look for the verb that tells what happened before.
- Look at plays. Plays is the present tense.present
- Look at played. Played is the past tense.past
- Write the answer. Ali played in the park
Check. Played is the past tense. ✓
Watch out. Past tense verbs often end in ed.
Method. Look at the verb.
- Look at painted. It tells what happened before, so it is past tense.painted: past
- Write the answer. past
Check. Painted is the past tense. ✓
Watch out. Painted is past tense.
Method. Look at the verb and the time word.
- Look at every day. Every day means it happens now and often.every day
- Look at paints. Paints is the present tense.paints: present
- Write the answer. present
Check. Every day goes with the present tense. ✓
Watch out. Every day goes with the present tense.
Method. Find the verbs that tell what happened before.
- Look at went. Went is the past tense of go.went
- Look at played. Played is the past tense of play.played
- Write the answer. went and played
Check. Went and played are past tense verbs. ✓
Watch out. Look for the verbs in each sentence.
Method. Find the time word, then change the verb.
- Find the time word. Last Saturday means the past tense.last Saturday
- Change the verb. The past tense of go is went.go becomes went
- Write the answer. went
Check. Last Saturday, we went to the park. ✓
Watch out. Go is irregular.
Method. Write a sentence about yesterday with a past tense verb.
- Think of the time. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Write the verb. Flew is the past tense of fly.flew
- Write the answer. Any past tense sentence about a kite, for example: Yesterday, Mia flew her kite.
Check. Yesterday, Mia flew her kite. ✓
Watch out. Check that every verb is past tense.
Method. Write about yesterday and check the verb.
- Think of something you did. Choose a thing you did yesterday.a thing you did
- Check the verb. Use the past form, such as played.played
- Write the answer. Any correct past tense sentence, for example: I played in the garden.
Check. Every verb in the sentence is past tense. ✓
Watch out. A grown-up can check the sentence with you.
Method. Check each verb against yesterday.
- Look at see. See is present tense, so it should be saw.see should be saw
- Look at runs. Runs is present tense, so it should be ran.runs should be ran
- Read the sentence again. Both verbs must match yesterday.Yesterday I saw a fox and it ran away.
- Write the answer. see should be saw, and runs should be ran
Check. Yesterday I saw a fox and it ran away. ✓
Watch out. Check every verb with the time word.
Method. Check the time word and the verb.
- Look at every day. Every day means it happens often, so the present tense is needed.every day
- Look at walked. Walked is the past tense, so it is wrong here.walked: past tense
- Write the answer. No. Every day means the present tense, so write: we walk.
Check. Every day we walk to the park. ✓
Watch out. Check the verb with the time word.
Chapter summary
| Skill | Method |
|---|---|
| Verbs | A verb is an action word: jump, swim. Is, are, was and were are verbs too. |
| Present tense | Now or often: I jump, they jump, but Leo jumps (add s for one person, animal or thing). |
| Past tense | Before: jump, jumped; bake, baked; go, went (irregular). |
| Progressive form | is, am or are with -ing for now: is running. was or were with -ing for before: was running. |
| Time words | Yesterday and last week go with the past tense. Every day and now go with the present tense. |
| Re-reading | Check every verb against its time word, and keep the same tense for the same time. |
Can you…?
- I can find a verb, and say what it tells us
- I can write the present tense, with s for one person, animal or thing
- I can write the past tense of regular and common irregular verbs
- I can use is running, am running, are running, was running and were running
- I can choose the tense that matches a time word, such as yesterday or every day
- I can re-read my writing and check that each verb is right
Key terms
- verb
- an action word, such as jump, that tells what someone or something does
- tense
- the form of a verb that shows when something happens
- present tense
- the form of a verb for what happens now or often, such as jumps
- past tense
- the form of a verb for what happened before, such as jumped
- irregular verb
- a verb that changes its spelling in the past, such as went
- progressive form
- a helper word (is, am, are, was or were) with an -ing verb, such as is running
- time word
- a word that tells when, such as yesterday, now or every day
Exercise 5Z Check-up
Method. Find the word that tells what the frog did.
- Read the sentence. Look for the action word.The frog sat on the log.
- Find the action. Sat tells what the frog did. On tells where.sat (verb)
- Write the answer. sat
Check. The frog sat, so sat is the verb. ✓
Watch out. Log is a noun, so it is not a verb.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. The frog is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.The frog
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.hop changes to hops
- Write the answer. hops
Check. Say it aloud: The frog hops into the garden. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.bake
- Change the verb. It ends in e, so add only d.bake becomes baked
- Write the answer. baked
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Ruby baked a cake. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.find
- Change the verb. find is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes found.find becomes found
- Write the answer. found
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Zainab found a shell. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. find becomes found, not finded.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use is for Leo: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.is
- Add the -ing form. dig becomes digging. Double the last letter, then add ing.is + digging
- Write the answer. is digging
Check. Say it aloud: Leo is digging in the sand. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use were for they: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.were
- Add the -ing form. sing becomes singing. Add ing to the verb.were + singing
- Write the answer. were singing
Check. Say it aloud: they were singing a song. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Last week tells us the past tense.Last week
- Choose the verb in that tense. The past form of go is went.went
- Check the other verb. go is the other tense, so it does not fit last week.go: wrong tense
- Write the answer. went
Check. Say it aloud: Last week, we went to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Find the time word, then change the verb.
- Find the time word. Yesterday means the past tense.yesterday
- Change the verb. Runs is irregular: it becomes ran.runs becomes ran
- Write the answer. ran
Check. Yesterday, Ali ran to school. ✓
Watch out. Run is an irregular verb.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. They uses the verb as it is, with no ending.They
- Write the verb. Keep the verb as it is.go stays go
- Write the answer. go
Check. Say it aloud: They go to the shop. ✓
Watch out. Do not add s after I, we, you or they.
Method. Check the time word and the helper word.
- Look at yesterday. Yesterday means a time before now, so use was.yesterday
- Change the helper word. I uses was in the past, not am.am becomes was
- Write the answer. Yesterday I was running to the shop.
Check. I was running is correct. ✓
Watch out. Use was for I in the past.
Total 16 marks. Allow about 16 minutes.
Exercise 5X End-of-chapter quiz
Method. Find the word that tells what someone does.
- Look at tree. Tree names a thing, so it is a noun.tree: noun
- Look at jump. Jump tells what someone does, so it is a verb.jump: verb
- Write the answer. jump
Check. Jump is an action word. ✓
Watch out. A verb is an action word.
Method. Use the present tense for something that happens often.
- Find the time. Every day means it happens often, so use the present tense.every day
- Look at the subject. Priya is one person, animal or thing, so the verb takes an ending.Priya
- Write the verb. Add s to the verb.play changes to plays
- Write the answer. plays
Check. Say it aloud: Priya plays in the park. ✓
Watch out. Add an ending only when one person, animal or thing does the action.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.climb
- Change the verb. Add ed to the verb.climb becomes climbed
- Write the answer. climbed
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday I climbed the tree. ✓
Watch out. Write the past form, not the -ing form.
Method. Use the past tense for something that has already happened.
- Find the time. Yesterday means it has already happened, so use the past tense.yesterday
- Look at the verb. The verb must show that the action happened before.see
- Change the verb. see is an irregular verb. It changes its spelling, so learn that it becomes saw.see becomes saw
- Write the answer. saw
Check. Say it aloud: Yesterday Leo saw a rainbow. ✓
Watch out. Irregular verbs do not add ed. see becomes saw, not seeed.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. Now means it is happening at this moment: the progressive present.now
- Choose the helper word. Use are for we: am goes with I, is with one person or thing, and are with more than one.are
- Add the -ing form. paint becomes painting. Add ing to the verb.are + painting
- Write the answer. are painting
Check. Say it aloud: we are painting a picture. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Use the progressive form: a helper word and the -ing form of the verb.
- Find the time. At three o’clock yesterday means it was happening then: the progressive past.at three o’clock yesterday
- Choose the helper word. Use was for Sam: was goes with I or one person or thing, and were with more than one.was
- Add the -ing form. run becomes running. Double the last letter, then add ing.was + running
- Write the answer. was running
Check. Say it aloud: Sam was running to the gate. ✓
Watch out. The helper word (is, am, are, was or were) must come before the -ing verb.
Method. Look at the time word first, then choose the verb in the same tense.
- Find the time word. Each morning tells us the present tense.Each morning
- Choose the verb in that tense. The present form of wash is wash.wash
- Check the other verb. washed is the other tense, so it does not fit each morning.washed: wrong tense
- Write the answer. wash
Check. Say it aloud: Each morning, the children wash the car. ✓
Watch out. Look at the time word first, then match the verb to it.
Method. Find the time word, then change the verb.
- Find the time word. Last week means the past tense.last week
- Change the verb. Plays is present, so it becomes played.plays becomes played
- Write the answer. played
Check. Last week, the children played at the beach. ✓
Watch out. The children is more than one, so the verb is not plays.
Method. Check the time word and the verb.
- Look at every day. Every day means the present tense.every day
- Change the verb. Went is past tense, so the present form is go.went becomes go
- Write the answer. go
Check. Every day I go to school. ✓
Watch out. I uses the present form with no ending.
Method. Check the time word and the helper word.
- Look at yesterday. Yesterday means a time before now, so use was.yesterday
- Change the helper word. The present helper word is becomes was in the past.is becomes was
- Write the answer. No. Yesterday needs the past, so it should be: Ali was running home.
Check. Yesterday, Ali was running home. ✓
Watch out. Use is for now, and was for before.