Number bonds to 10
By the end of this chapter you will be able to
- Say all the pairs of numbers that make 10
- Find the missing part when the whole is 10
- Show a bond to 10 on a ten frame
- Recall bonds to 10 quickly
You should already know
- Number bonds to 5 (Chapter 4)
- Counting to 20 (Chapter 2)
Where this leads
- Adding within 10 (Level 1, Chapter 6)
Step-by-step practice: maths (Level 1). Small steps, repeated until fluent. Content: List all the pairs of numbers that make 10, Know the order of the two parts can change, Find the missing part of a bond to 10, Use ten frames to show bonds to 10, Recall the bonds to 10 without counting.
Exercise P Do you remember?
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 5 and the known part is 2.5 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.5 - 2 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 3 make 5.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 5 and the known part is 1.5 and 1
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.5 - 1 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 1 and 4 make 5.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 5?
- Add 4 and 1. Add the two parts.4 + 1 = 5
- Compare with 5. The total is 5.5 is the same as 5
- Write the answer. Yes
Check. Count on from 4: 5. It is the whole, so yes.
Watch out. Check the total is exactly 5.
Method. Count on one at a time from 6.
- Start at 6. We count on from the number we have.6
- Say the next three numbers. Each number is one more than the one before.7, 8, 9
- Write the answer. 7, 8, 9
Check. Count back from 9 to 6: 9, 8, 7, 6. It matches.
Watch out. Start with the number after 6.
Method. Say the number and find its name.
- Look at the numeral. It is the number before ten.9
- Say the number name. Nine is the name of 9.nine
- Write the answer. nine
Check. Count to 9 and stop on nine.
Watch out. Nine has four letters.
Pairs that make 10
There are eleven pairs that make 10. They start 0 and 10, then 1 and 9, then 2 and 8, and so on.
If you know 3 and 7 make 10, then 7 and 3 make 10 too. Turn the pair round.
Key ideas
- 0 and 10, 1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, 5 and 5.
- The parts can be turned round: 7 and 3 is the same pair as 3 and 7.
- Check each pair by adding the two numbers.
Method. Find the part that goes with 6 to make the whole, 10.
- Start with 6. It is the part we know.6
- Count on to 10. Count on: 7, 8, 9, 10. That is 4 steps.7, 8, 9, 10
- Write the answer. The missing part is 4.4
Check. 6 + 4 = 10. It works.
Watch out. Count on from the known part to 10.
Method. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 2 and 8 make 10.2 + 8 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 8 + 2 is the same sum.8 + 2 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 8 to 10 to check: 9, 10.
Watch out. You do not need to learn the pairs twice.
Method. Look at the first parts in order. One is missing.
- Look at the first parts. They go 0, 1, 2, 4, 5.0, 1, 2, 4, 5
- Find the missing first part. Three is missing from the list.3 is not there
- Write the missing pair. 3 and 7
Check. 3 + 7 = 10. It is the missing pair.
Watch out. Read the list in order to find the gap.
Watch out
Watch out. 5 and 5 is one pair, not two. It is the only pair where both parts are the same.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Use ten cubes. Ask your child to split them into two piles in every way. Write the pairs down in order as you go.
Exercise 5A Pairs that make 10
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 8.10 and 8
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 8 = 2
- Write the missing part. 2
Check. Put the two parts back together: 8 and 2 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 4 and 6 make 10.4 + 6 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 6 + 4 is the same sum.6 + 4 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 6 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 4 and 6 make 10.4 + 6 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 6 + 4 is the same sum.6 + 4 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 6 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 1.10 and 1
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 1 = 9
- Write the missing part. 9
Check. Put the two parts back together: 1 and 9 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 10.10 and 10
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 10 = 0
- Write the missing part. 0
Check. Put the two parts back together: 10 and 0 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 2 and 8 make 10.2 + 8 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 8 + 2 is the same sum.8 + 2 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 8 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 3 and 7 make 10.3 + 7 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 7 + 3 is the same sum.7 + 3 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 7 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Missing parts in bonds to 10
A bond to 10 has a whole of 10 at the top and two parts below.
If one part is missing, take the part you know away from 10. Or count on from it to 10.
Key ideas
- The whole is 10.
- The missing part is 10 take away the part you know.
- The two parts always add up to 10.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Watch out
Watch out. Use the whole, 10. Do not use 5 as the whole for these bonds.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Draw a bond on paper, cover one part with a finger, and ask your child to say the hidden part.
Exercise 5B Missing parts in bonds to 10
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 9.10 and 9
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 9 = 1
- Write the missing part. 1
Check. Put the two parts back together: 9 and 1 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 10.10 and 10
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 10 = 0
- Write the missing part. 0
Check. Put the two parts back together: 10 and 0 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 10.10 and 10
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 10 = 0
- Write the missing part. 0
Check. Put the two parts back together: 10 and 0 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 0.10 and 0
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 0 = 10
- Write the missing part. 10
Check. Put the two parts back together: 0 and 10 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 10.10 and 10
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 10 = 0
- Write the missing part. 0
Check. Put the two parts back together: 10 and 0 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 0.10 and 0
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 0 = 10
- Write the missing part. 10
Check. Put the two parts back together: 0 and 10 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Ten frames
A ten frame has ten boxes, in two rows of five.
Fill the boxes with counters. The counters are one part. The empty boxes are the other part.
Key ideas
- A ten frame has 10 boxes.
- Counters show one part.
- Empty boxes show the other part.
Method. Count the empty boxes.
- Count the counters. They are already in the frame.4
- Count the empty boxes. Ten boxes minus four counters.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the answer. 6
Check. 4 counters and 6 more make 10.
Watch out. Count the empty boxes, not the full ones.
Method. Count the empty boxes.
- Count the counters. They are already in the frame.8
- Count the empty boxes. Ten boxes minus eight counters.10 - 8 = 2
- Write the answer. 2
Check. 8 counters and 2 more make 10.
Watch out. Two empty boxes means two more counters.
Method. The counters are one part. The empty boxes are the other part.
- Count the counters. These are one part.3
- Count the empty boxes. These are the other part.7
- Write the bond. 3 and 7 make 10
Check. 3 + 7 = 10. It works.
Watch out. The empty boxes are the missing part.
Watch out
Watch out. Count the empty boxes to find the missing part, not the counters.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Draw a ten frame on paper and fill it with buttons. Ask: “How many are in the frame? How many are empty?”
Exercise 5C Ten frames and bonds to 10
Non-calculatorMethod. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.8 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 8 = 2
- Write the answer. 2
Check. 8 counters and 2 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.2
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.8
- Write the bond. 2 and 8 make 10
Check. 2 + 8 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.8 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 8 = 2
- Write the answer. 2
Check. 8 counters and 2 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.7
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.3
- Write the bond. 7 and 3 make 10
Check. 7 + 3 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.7 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the answer. 3
Check. 7 counters and 3 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.4
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.6
- Write the bond. 4 and 6 make 10
Check. 4 + 6 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.1 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 1 = 9
- Write the answer. 9
Check. 1 counters and 9 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.7
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.3
- Write the bond. 7 and 3 make 10
Check. 7 + 3 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.3 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the answer. 7
Check. 3 counters and 7 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.3
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.7
- Write the bond. 3 and 7 make 10
Check. 3 + 7 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.3 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the answer. 7
Check. 3 counters and 7 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.6
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.4
- Write the bond. 6 and 4 make 10
Check. 6 + 4 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.3 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the answer. 7
Check. 3 counters and 7 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.2
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.8
- Write the bond. 2 and 8 make 10
Check. 2 + 8 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.3 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the answer. 7
Check. 3 counters and 7 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.9
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.1
- Write the bond. 9 and 1 make 10
Check. 9 + 1 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Recalling bonds to 10
Once you know the bonds, you do not need to count. Just say the answer.
Try to say the bonds to 10 in under five seconds each. Check with a ten frame if you are not sure.
Key ideas
- Know the bonds to 10 by heart.
- Check by adding the two parts.
- Practise a few each day.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 9.10 and 9
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 9 = 1
- Write the missing part. 1
Check. Put the two parts back together: 9 and 1 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 10?
- Add 4 and 5. Add the two parts.4 + 5 = 9
- Compare with 10. The total is 9, not 10.9 is not 10
- Write the answer. No
Check. The true fact is 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The total must be exactly 10.
Watch out
Watch out. 4 and 5 make 9, not 10. Be careful with numbers that are close together.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Practise for two minutes a day. Ask: “What makes 10 with 3?” If your child can answer in under five seconds, move on to the next pair.
Exercise 5D Recalling bonds to 10
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 10?
- Add the two numbers. Add 8 and 2.8 + 2 = 10
- Compare with 10. The fact is true only when the total is 10.10 is the same as 10
- Write the answer. Yes
Check. If the fact is wrong, the true bond is 8 and 2 make 10. ✓
Watch out. Check the total is exactly 10.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 10?
- Add the two numbers. Add 5 and 6.5 + 6 = 11
- Compare with 10. The fact is true only when the total is 10.11 is not 10
- Write the answer. No
Check. If the fact is wrong, the true bond is 5 and 5 make 10. ✓
Watch out. Check the total is exactly 10.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 6.10 and 6
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 6 = 4
- Write the missing part. 4
Check. Put the two parts back together: 6 and 4 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 10?
- Add the two numbers. Add 9 and 1.9 + 1 = 10
- Compare with 10. The fact is true only when the total is 10.10 is the same as 10
- Write the answer. Yes
Check. If the fact is wrong, the true bond is 9 and 1 make 10. ✓
Watch out. Check the total is exactly 10.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 0.10 and 0
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 0 = 10
- Write the missing part. 10
Check. Put the two parts back together: 0 and 10 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Add the two numbers. Is the total 10?
- Add the two numbers. Add 4 and 7.4 + 7 = 11
- Compare with 10. The fact is true only when the total is 10.11 is not 10
- Write the answer. No
Check. If the fact is wrong, the true bond is 4 and 6 make 10. ✓
Watch out. Check the total is exactly 10.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 1.10 and 1
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 1 = 9
- Write the missing part. 9
Check. Put the two parts back together: 1 and 9 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Chapter summary
| Skill | Method |
|---|---|
| Pairs that make 10 | 0+10, 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5, and their turns |
| Missing parts | Take the known part away from 10 |
| Ten frames | Count the counters, then count the empty boxes |
| Recall | Say the bond at once. Check by adding the two parts |
Can you…?
- I can list the pairs that make 10
- I know the order of the two parts can change
- I can find the missing part when the whole is 10
- I can show a bond to 10 on a ten frame
- I can say most of the bonds to 10 without counting
Key terms
- ten frame
- a picture with ten boxes in two rows of five
- bond to 10
- two parts that make 10, such as 3 and 7
- whole
- the number made when the parts are put together
Exercise 5Z Check-up
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 9 and 1 make 10.9 + 1 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 1 + 9 is the same sum.1 + 9 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 1 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 1.10 and 1
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 1 = 9
- Write the missing part. 9
Check. Put the two parts back together: 1 and 9 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.2 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the answer. 8
Check. 2 counters and 8 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.2
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.8
- Write the bond. 2 and 8 make 10
Check. 2 + 8 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 2.10 and 2
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 2 = 8
- Write the missing part. 8
Check. Put the two parts back together: 2 and 8 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Total 18 marks. Allow about 18 minutes.
Exercise 5X Practice test questions
Non-calculatorMethod. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 3.10 and 3
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 3 = 7
- Write the missing part. 7
Check. Put the two parts back together: 3 and 7 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 10.10 and 10
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 10 = 0
- Write the missing part. 0
Check. Put the two parts back together: 10 and 0 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. The order of the two parts does not change the total.
- Read the pair. 7 and 3 make 10.7 + 3 = 10
- Turn the pair round. 3 + 7 is the same sum.3 + 7 = 10
- Write the answer. 10
Check. Count on from 3 to 10 to check. ✓
Watch out. Turning the parts round does not change the total.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 4.10 and 4
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 4 = 6
- Write the missing part. 6
Check. Put the two parts back together: 4 and 6 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 7.10 and 7
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 7 = 3
- Write the missing part. 3
Check. Put the two parts back together: 7 and 3 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.9 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 9 = 1
- Write the answer. 1
Check. 9 counters and 1 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. The bond is the counters already there and the empty spaces.
- Count the counters. These are one part.7
- Count the empty spaces. These are the other part.3
- Write the bond. 7 and 3 make 10
Check. 7 + 3 = 10. ✓
Watch out. The empty spaces are the missing part.
Method. Count the counters already there. Then count how many spaces are empty.
- Count the counters. There are some counters already in the frame.9 counters
- Count the empty spaces. Ten spaces, minus the counters, are empty.10 - 9 = 1
- Write the answer. 1
Check. 9 counters and 1 more make 10 counters. ✓
Watch out. Count the empty spaces to find the answer, not the full ones.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 5.10 and 5
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 5 = 5
- Write the missing part. 5
Check. Put the two parts back together: 5 and 5 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.
Method. Find the missing part. Ask what goes with the known part to make the whole.
- Look at the whole and the part you know. The whole is 10 and the known part is 8.10 and 8
- Count on from the known part to the whole. Or take the known part away from the whole.10 - 8 = 2
- Write the missing part. 2
Check. Put the two parts back together: 8 and 2 make 10.
Watch out. The two parts always add up to the whole.