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Primary Science · Year 6Chapter 3 · The circulatory system and transport
Year 6 · Chapter 3

The circulatory system and transport

By the end of this chapter you will be able to

  • Name the main parts of the circulatory system: heart, blood vessels and blood
  • Explain how the heart pumps blood to the lungs and to the body
  • Compare arteries, veins and capillaries by their walls, valves and direction of blood flow
  • Name the four parts of blood and say what each one does
  • Explain how nutrients, water and oxygen are carried in the blood to the body cells
  • Measure a pulse rate, and use a fair method to compare rest and exercise

You should already know

  • Digestion and the small intestine (Year 4 Science)
  • Muscles, skeletons and the lungs (Year 3 and Year 4 Science)

Where this leads

  • Diet, exercise and lifestyle, and how they affect the heart (Year 6 Science, Chapter 4)

National Curriculum for England, Key Stage 2 science, Year 6. Content: A1 identify and name the main parts of the human circulatory system, and describe the functions of the heart, blood vessels and blood, A3 describe the ways in which nutrients and water are transported within animals, including humans.

Exercise P  Do you remember?

1
FWhich organ takes oxygen from the air into the body? Write the word.
2
FWhich gas do we need to breathe in, to stay alive? Write the word.
3
FWhich bone protects the brain? Write the word.
4
FWhat is the name for breaking food down into smaller parts? Write the word.
5
FWhat is the name of the tube that food travels through, from the mouth to the stomach? Write the word.
3.1

The heart as a pump

Year 6
A1: identify and name the main parts of the human circulatory system, and describe the functions of the heart
Video lesson: The heart as a pumpComing soon
Story. Ruby runs round the playground, and her heart beats very fast. “Why does my heart go faster?” she asks. Her teacher says, “Your heart is a muscular pump. It pushes blood round your body, and it works faster when you need more oxygen.”

The circulatory system is made of the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. Together they carry substances around the body.

The heart is a muscle that pumps blood. It has four chambers. The two upper chambers are called atria, and they receive blood. The two lower chambers are called ventricles, and they pump blood out.

Blood is pumped in a loop. The heart sends blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart, and the heart pumps it to the body. Blood from the body returns to the heart, and the loop starts again.

upper chamber(atrium)upper chamber(atrium)lower chamber(ventricle)lower chamber(ventricle)four chambers in total
A labelled diagram of the heart: two upper chambers called atria, and two lower chambers called ventricles.
heartpumps the bloodlungsbodyto the lungs: oxygen-poor bloodcarbon dioxide is given outback to the heart: oxygen-rich bloodto the body: oxygen-rich bloodback to the heart: oxygen-poor blood
A loop diagram: blood goes from the heart to the lungs and back, then from the heart to the body and back to the heart.

Key ideas

  • The heart is a muscular pump with four chambers.
  • The two upper chambers are atria, which receive blood.
  • The two lower chambers are ventricles, which pump blood out.
  • Blood travels from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart, then to the body.
Worked example 3.1.1
How many chambers does the heart have? Write the number.

Method. Count the chambers in the diagram of the heart.

  1. Count the upper chambers. There are two upper chambers, called atria.
    2
  2. Count the lower chambers. There are two lower chambers, called ventricles. 2 + 2 is the total.
    2 + 2 = 4
  3. Write the answer.
    4

Check. The heart has four chambers in total. ✓

Worked example 3.1.2
The heart sends blood to the lungs first. Which organ does the blood go to after it leaves the heart? Write the name of the organ.

Method. Follow the loop from the heart.

  1. Start at the heart. The heart sends blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
    lungs
  2. Name the organ. So the first organ the blood goes to is the lungs.
    lungs
  3. Write the answer.
    lungs

Check. The blood returns to the heart after the lungs. ✓

Worked example 3.1.3
Which chambers of the heart pump blood out? Write the name of the chambers.

Method. Find the chambers that pump.

  1. Read the key. The ventricles are the two lower chambers, and they pump blood out.
    ventricles
  2. Write the answer. So the chambers that pump blood out are the ventricles.
    ventricles
  3. Write the answer.
    ventricles

Check. The atria receive blood; the ventricles pump it out. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: the heart does not pump blood through the body only. Blood first goes to the lungs to pick up oxygen, and then it is pumped to the body.

Exam tip

Exam tip. Name the four chambers correctly: two atria receive blood, and two ventricles pump blood out.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Put two fingers on the side of your neck or the inside of your wrist, with a grown-up. Feel the beat of your pulse. Count the beats for 15 seconds, then stop. Ask a grown-up to remind you that your heart is a muscle that works harder when you move.

Exercise 3A  The heart as a pump

1
FWhich organ pumps blood around the body? Write the word.
2
FHow many chambers does the heart have? Write the number.
3
FWhat are the two upper chambers of the heart called? Write the word.
4
FWhat are the two lower chambers of the heart called? Write the word.
5
FWhich organ does the blood go to, from the heart, to pick up oxygen? Write the word.
6
FIn the loop, does blood going to the lungs carry oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood? Write the word.
7
FBlood sent from the heart to the body is ___ blood. Write oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor.
8
PSAli says the heart has only two chambers. Is Ali right? Write yes or no.
9
PSHow many of the four chambers pump blood out? Write the number.
10
PSBlood goes from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. Name the first place the blood goes after the heart, when it needs oxygen.
11
RExplain why the heart is described as a pump. Write one sentence.
12
RExplain why blood that has returned from the body must go to the lungs again before it is sent round the body. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: explain why the heart muscle is important for life. Write one sentence.
3.2

Blood vessels

Year 6
A1: describe the functions of the blood vessels in the human circulatory system
Video lesson: Blood vesselsComing soon
Story. Priya feels the pulse in her wrist. Mr Patel says, “You are feeling an artery. The blood is being pushed along it by the heart.” Aisha asks, “Then how does the blood get back?” “Through the veins,” says Mr Patel.

Blood flows through three kinds of blood vessel:

arterythick wallsveinthinner walls, valvecapillariesvery thin walls
Three blood vessels: an artery with thick walls, a vein with thinner walls and a valve, and tiny capillaries with very thin walls.

The table compares the three vessels.

VesselWallsDirection of blood flowOxygen in the blood
Arterythick, elastic, muscular wallsaway from the heartusually oxygen-rich
Veinthinner walls, with valves insideback to the heartusually oxygen-poor
Capillarywalls only one cell thickto and from body cells, where substances are exchangedboth

Key ideas

  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and have thick, elastic walls.
  • Veins carry blood back to the heart, and have valves.
  • Capillaries have walls only one cell thick, where substances are exchanged with body cells.
  • The pulse is felt in an artery, because the heart pushes blood along it.
Worked example 3.2.1
Look at the table in section 3.2. Which vessel carries blood back to the heart? Write the name.

Method. Read the direction column.

  1. Find the row. The row that says back to the heart is the vein.
    back to the heart
  2. Write the name. So the vessel is a vein.
    Vein
  3. Write the answer.
    Vein

Check. Veins have valves to keep the blood moving forward. ✓

Worked example 3.2.2
Which vessels have walls only one cell thick? Write the name.

Method. Find the vessel with very thin walls.

  1. Read the walls column. The capillaries have walls only one cell thick.
    one cell thick
  2. Write the name. So the vessels are capillaries.
    Capillaries
  3. Write the answer.
    Capillaries

Check. Substances pass through the thin walls of capillaries. ✓

Worked example 3.2.3
Put the three vessels in order, starting from the heart: write the first two words.

Method. Think about the route of the blood.

  1. Start at the heart. Blood leaves the heart in an artery.
    artery
  2. Name the next vessel. Then it flows into capillaries, which are next.
    artery, capillary
  3. Write the answer.
    artery, capillary

Check. Then the blood flows back to the heart in a vein. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: arteries are not always oxygen-poor. Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, but veins usually carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you name a vessel, give a reason from the direction of the blood flow or the walls.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Find your pulse in your wrist with a grown-up. Count it for 15 seconds, and then count it again after you have walked on the spot for one minute. Which vessel are you feeling? Explain why your pulse changes.

Exercise 3B  Blood vessels

1
FWhich blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? Write the name.
2
FWhich blood vessel carries blood back to the heart? Write the name.
3
FWhich blood vessels have walls only one cell thick? Write the name.
4
FWhich vessel has valves inside it? Write the name.
5
FWhich vessel has thick, elastic walls? Write the name.
6
FWhich vessels are the smallest of the three? Write the name.
7
FFrom the table in section 3.2, which vessel usually carries oxygen-poor blood? Write the name.
8
PSAli feels a pulse in his wrist. Which type of blood vessel is he feeling? Write the name.
9
PSName the vessels where substances pass between the blood and the body cells. Write the name.
10
PSRuby says veins carry blood away from the heart. Is Ruby right? Write yes or no.
11
PSMo says an artery always carries oxygen-poor blood. Is Mo right? Write yes or no.
12
RExplain why veins have valves. Write one sentence.
13
RExplain why capillaries have very thin walls. Write one sentence.
14
RChallenge: write the order in which blood flows from the heart, through the three vessels, and back to the heart. Write the three words.
3.3

Blood and its parts

Year 6
A1: describe the functions of the blood in the human circulatory system
Video lesson: Blood and its partsComing soon
Story. Sam cuts his finger on a sharp edge. After a while the bleeding stops, and a small scab forms. “How does that happen?” he asks. The nurse says, “Blood has parts that work together, and some of them help it to clot.”

Blood is a liquid tissue that is made of four parts, which all do different jobs.

The plasma is the liquid that carries everything else. It carries dissolved nutrients, waste and hormones. The red blood cells carry oxygen. The white blood cells help to fight infection. The platelets are small pieces that help the blood to clot, which means to form a plug over a damaged blood vessel.

red blood cells (red), white blood cells (grey), platelets (purple); the liquid is plasma
Blood drawn as a liquid with many red cells, a few larger white cells and small platelets. Not to scale.

The table gives the job of each part.

Part of bloodJob
Plasmathe liquid part of blood; carries the other parts, and dissolved nutrients, waste and hormones
Red blood cellscarry oxygen around the body
White blood cellshelp to fight infection and disease
Plateletssmall pieces that help the blood to clot when a blood vessel is damaged

Key ideas

  • Plasma is the liquid part of blood, and it carries the other parts.
  • Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.
  • White blood cells help to fight infection.
  • Platelets help the blood to clot when a blood vessel is damaged.
Worked example 3.3.1
Which part of the blood carries oxygen? Write the words.

Method. Find the part with the job of carrying oxygen.

  1. Read the table. The red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.
    carry oxygen
  2. Write the name. So the part is the red blood cells.
    red blood cells
  3. Write the answer.
    red blood cells

Check. Red blood cells contain a substance that holds oxygen. ✓

Worked example 3.3.2
Which part of the blood helps a cut to clot? Write the word.

Method. Find the part that helps the blood to clot.

  1. Read the table. The platelets help the blood to clot.
    clot
  2. Write the name. So the part is platelets.
    platelets
  3. Write the answer.
    platelets

Check. Platelets are small pieces that form a plug. ✓

Worked example 3.3.3
Which part of the blood is the liquid that carries the other parts? Write the word.

Method. Find the liquid part.

  1. Read the table. The plasma is the liquid part, and it carries the other parts.
    plasma
  2. Write the word. So the liquid part is plasma.
    plasma
  3. Write the answer.
    plasma

Check. Plasma carries nutrients, waste and hormones. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: red blood cells carry oxygen; they do not fight infection. White blood cells help to fight infection.

Exam tip

Exam tip. Link each part of the blood to its job: red for oxygen, white for infection, platelets for clotting, plasma for carrying.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Look at a small cut or scratch on a grown-up's skin, if they agree, or look at a picture of a scab. Talk about how blood clots. Wash your hands afterwards, and do not touch anyone else's blood.

Exercise 3C  Blood and its parts

1
FWhich part of the blood is the liquid? Write the word.
2
FWhich blood cells carry oxygen? Write the words.
3
FWhich blood cells help to fight infection? Write the words.
4
FWhich small pieces help the blood to clot? Write the word.
5
FHow many parts of the blood are in the table in section 3.3? Write the number.
6
FWhich part of the blood carries dissolved nutrients? Write the word.
7
FWhat is the job of white blood cells? Write one word.
8
PSAli says that red blood cells fight infection. Is Ali right? Write yes or no.
9
PSName two substances that plasma carries around the body. Write two words.
10
PSA cut that does not stop bleeding may lack a part of the blood. Which part is it? Write the word.
11
RExplain why a person with too few red blood cells may feel tired. Write one sentence.
12
RExplain how a white blood cell helps the body. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: explain why blood is described as a liquid that carries solid cells. Write one sentence.
3.4

Transport of nutrients and water

Year 6
A3: describe the ways in which nutrients and water are transported within animals, including humans
Video lesson: Transport of nutrients and waterComing soon
Story. Ali eats a meal and drinks a glass of water. “Where does the food go after I swallow it?” he asks. The nurse says, “The food is broken down, and the useful parts go into the blood. The blood then carries them to every body cell.”

Animals, including humans, cannot make their own food. After food is digested, the small nutrient molecules pass into the blood through the wall of the small intestine. This is how nutrients enter the blood.

The blood then carries the dissolved nutrients, and water, to every body cell. Oxygen from the lungs is also carried by red blood cells. Body cells make carbon dioxide and other waste, which the blood carries away.

heartpumps the bloodlungsbodyto the lungs: oxygen-poor bloodcarbon dioxide is given outback to the heart: oxygen-rich bloodto the body: oxygen-rich bloodback to the heart: oxygen-poor blood
A loop diagram of the circulation: blood moves between the heart, the lungs and the body.

The table shows the substances that the blood carries, and where each one goes.

SubstanceWhere it goes
Nutrients from digested foodabsorbed into the blood in the small intestine, carried to all body cells
Waterabsorbed into the blood, carried to the body cells and the organs that remove waste
Oxygentaken in by the lungs, carried by red blood cells to the body cells
Carbon dioxidemade by body cells, carried in the blood to the lungs to be breathed out
Urea (waste)made in the liver, carried in the blood to the kidneys, removed in urine

Key ideas

  • Nutrients from digested food pass into the blood in the small intestine.
  • The blood carries nutrients and water to every body cell.
  • Oxygen is carried by red blood cells; carbon dioxide and waste are carried away from the cells.
  • The liver makes urea, and the kidneys remove it from the blood.
Worked example 3.4.1
Which substance from digested food passes into the blood in the small intestine? Write the word.

Method. Read the first row of the table.

  1. Read the row. Nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine.
    nutrients
  2. Write the word. So the substance is nutrients.
    nutrients
  3. Write the answer.
    nutrients

Check. Digested food is broken down into nutrients. ✓

Worked example 3.4.2
Which organ takes oxygen from the air into the blood? Write the word.

Method. Read the second row of the table.

  1. Read the row. Oxygen is taken in by the lungs and carried by red blood cells.
    lungs
  2. Write the word. So the organ is the lungs.
    lungs
  3. Write the answer.
    lungs

Check. The lungs are the organs for gas exchange. ✓

Worked example 3.4.3
Which gas is carried in the blood from body cells to the lungs? Write the words.

Method. Read the table.

  1. Find the substance. Carbon dioxide is made by body cells, and carried to the lungs to be breathed out.
    carbon dioxide
  2. Write the words. So the gas is carbon dioxide.
    carbon dioxide
  3. Write the answer.
    carbon dioxide

Check. Carbon dioxide is breathed out. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: the blood does not make the nutrients. It carries them. The nutrients are absorbed from the digested food.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you describe transport, say what is carried, where it comes from, and where it goes.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Make a simple list of the foods you ate today. For each food, name one nutrient in it that the blood would carry to the cells. Use a food label, if one is available, and discuss your list with a grown-up.

Exercise 3D  Transport of nutrients and water

1
FWhich substance is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine? Write the word.
2
FWhich gas do the lungs take into the blood? Write the word.
3
FWhich gas do body cells make, and send to the lungs to be breathed out? Write the words.
4
FWhich organ makes urea? Write the word.
5
FWhich organs remove urea from the blood? Write the word.
6
FWhich part of the blood carries dissolved nutrients around the body? Write the word.
7
FWater is absorbed into the blood, then carried to the body cells. Is this true? Write yes or no.
8
PSWhich substance is carried by red blood cells to the body cells? Write the word.
9
PSName the process that breaks food down into small nutrients that can pass into the blood. Write the word.
10
PSCarbon dioxide goes from the body cells to the lungs in the blood. Is this true? Write yes or no.
11
RExplain why the blood needs to carry nutrients to every body cell. Write one sentence.
12
RExplain why the blood carries waste away from body cells. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: write the order of the places that oxygen passes through from the lungs to a body cell. Write the four words.
3.5

Pulse and heart rate

Year 6
A1: describe the function of the heart; A3: transport of nutrients and oxygen in the blood, and why the heart works faster in exercise, WS2: take measurements, with increasing accuracy, using repeats and the mean
Video lesson: Pulse and heart rateComing soon
Story. Ali, Priya and Mo measure their pulse at rest. Then they march on the spot for one minute and measure it again. “Our hearts are faster,” says Mo. “Let’s work out the mean for each of us, so we can compare fairly,” says Priya.

The pulse is the beat you can feel in an artery, caused by the heart pushing blood out. The heart rate is the number of beats per minute.

To measure the pulse, count the beats for 15 seconds, then multiply the count by 4 to get beats per minute. The pupils did this three times each, and took the mean.

During exercise, the muscles need more oxygen and nutrients. The heart beats faster, so the blood carries more oxygen to the body.

The table gives the 15-second counts for each pupil, and the rate per minute.

PupilRest: beats in 15 sRest (per minute)After exercise: beats in 15 sAfter exercise (per minute)
Ali187225100
Priya16642392
Mo208027108
Mean72100
050100mean pulse (beats per minute)72at rest100after exercise
Bar chart of the mean pulse rate: 72 beats per minute at rest, and 100 beats per minute after exercise.

Key ideas

  • Pulse rate = the beats counted in 15 seconds, multiplied by 4.
  • The heart beats faster during exercise, to carry more oxygen to the muscles.
  • Repeat a count, and find the mean, to make a result more reliable.
  • Compare rest and exercise with the same method each time.
Worked example 3.5.1
Ali counted 18 beats in 15 seconds at rest. What is his resting heart rate, in beats per minute?

Method. Multiply the 15-second count by 4.

  1. Read the count. Ali counted 18 beats in 15 seconds.
    18
  2. Multiply. Multiply 18 by 4 to get beats per minute.
    18 x 4 = 72
  3. Write the answer.
    72 beats per minute

Check. The table gives 72 for Ali at rest. ✓

Watch out. Do not forget to multiply by 4 when you use 15 seconds.

Worked example 3.5.2
The mean pulse rate after exercise is 100 beats per minute, and the mean at rest is 72. By how many beats per minute did the mean rise? Write the number.

Method. Subtract the rest mean from the exercise mean.

  1. Read the two means. The rest mean is 72, and the exercise mean is 100.
    72 and 100
  2. Subtract. The rise is 100 minus 72.
    100 - 72 = 28
  3. Write the answer.
    28

Check. 72 + 28 = 100. ✓

Worked example 3.5.3
Mo counted 27 beats in 15 seconds after exercise. How many beats per minute is this? Write the number.

Method. Multiply the count by 4.

  1. Read the count. The count was 27 beats in 15 seconds.
    27
  2. Multiply. So the rate is 27 x 4.
    27 x 4 = 108
  3. Write the answer.
    108

Check. The table gives 108 for Mo after exercise. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: a 15-second count must be multiplied by 4. If you forget, the answer is four times too small.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you compare rest and exercise, use the same method both times, and say how many repeats you made.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). With a grown-up, count your pulse for 15 seconds at rest, and multiply by 4. Then march on the spot for one minute, sit down, and count again. Stop if you feel dizzy or unwell. Repeat each count three times, and find the mean. Write both results in a table.

Exercise 3E  Pulse and heart rate

1
FIn the table in section 3.5, how many beats did Ali count in 15 seconds at rest? Write the number.
2
FWhat was Priya's pulse rate after exercise, in beats per minute? Write the number.
3
FHow many beats did Mo count in 15 seconds at rest? Write the number.
4
FWhat is the mean resting pulse rate, in beats per minute? Write the number.
5
FWhat is the mean pulse rate after exercise, in beats per minute? Write the number.
6
FWho had the highest pulse rate after exercise? Write the name.
7
FWhich pupil had the lowest resting pulse rate? Write the name.
8
PSBy how many beats per minute did the mean pulse rate rise from rest to after exercise? Write the number.
9
PSA pupil counts 25 beats in 15 seconds. What is the pulse rate in beats per minute? Write the number.
10
PSMo's resting rate is 80 beats per minute. What would his count be in 15 seconds? Write the number.
11
RExplain why the pulse rate goes up during exercise. Write one sentence.
12
RIs it correct to multiply a count of beats in 15 seconds by 4 to get beats per minute? Write yes or no.
13
RChallenge: explain why repeating each count three times and taking the mean gives a more reliable result. Write one sentence.

Chapter summary

SkillMethod
The heartA muscular pump with four chambers: two atria receive blood and two ventricles pump it out.
The loopBlood goes from the heart to the lungs for oxygen, then from the heart to the body and back.
Blood vesselsArteries carry blood away, with thick walls. Veins carry blood back, with valves. Capillaries exchange substances.
BloodPlasma carries everything. Red cells carry oxygen, white cells fight infection, platelets help blood clot.
TransportBlood carries nutrients, water and oxygen to body cells, and carries carbon dioxide and urea away.
PulseCount for 15 seconds and multiply by 4. The heart beats faster during exercise.

Can you…?

  • I can name the four chambers of the heart and say what each one does
  • I can describe the loop from the heart to the lungs and to the body
  • I can compare arteries, veins and capillaries
  • I can name the four parts of blood and say what each one does
  • I can say how nutrients, water and oxygen are carried to the body cells
  • I can measure a pulse for 15 seconds and work out beats per minute

Key terms

circulatory system
the heart, blood vessels and blood, which carry substances round the body
atrium (atria)
one of the two upper chambers of the heart, which receive blood
ventricle
one of the two lower chambers of the heart, which pump blood out
artery
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
vein
a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart, with valves inside
capillary
a tiny blood vessel with walls one cell thick, where substances pass to and from the body cells
plasma
the liquid part of blood, which carries the other parts and dissolved substances
platelet
a small piece of blood that helps it to clot
nutrient
a substance from food that the body uses for growth, repair and energy
pulse
the beat you can feel in an artery, caused by the heart pumping blood

Exercise 3Z  Check-up

1
Which organ pumps blood around the body? Write the word.
2
What are the two lower chambers of the heart called? Write the word.
3
Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart and has valves inside? Write the name.
4
Which vessels have walls only one cell thick? Write the name.
5
Which part of the blood helps a cut to clot? Write the word.
6
Which part of the blood carries oxygen? Write the words.
7
Which organ makes urea? Write the word.
8
A pupil counts 16 beats in 15 seconds. What is the pulse rate in beats per minute? Write the number.
9
Explain why a heart beats faster during exercise. Write one sentence.
10
Put these in order from the heart: capillary, artery, vein. Write the three words in the order blood flows from the heart.

Total 16 marks. Allow about 16 minutes.

Exercise 3X  Practice test questions

1
FName the two lower chambers of the human heart. Write the word.[1 mark]
2
RExplain the function of the heart in the circulatory system. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
3
RA student says: “Veins carry blood away from the heart, and have thick, muscular walls.” Write the mistake in this sentence. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
4
FWhich part of the blood carries dissolved nutrients and waste around the body? Write the word.[1 mark]
5
PSA pupil counts 25 beats in 15 seconds after exercise. Write the pulse rate in beats per minute.[2 marks]
6
RExplain why the blood must go to the lungs before it is sent to the body. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
7
FName the blood vessels where substances pass between the blood and the body cells. Write the word.[1 mark]
8
FName two things that the blood carries from the small intestine to the body cells. Write two words.[2 marks]
9
FAli feels the beat in his wrist. Name the blood vessel he is feeling. Write the word.[1 mark]
10
PSA table gives a mean resting pulse of 72 beats per minute and a mean after exercise of 100 beats per minute. Write the rise in beats per minute.[2 marks]
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