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Primary Science · Year 6Chapter 4 · Diet, exercise, drugs and lifestyle
Year 6 · Chapter 4

Diet, exercise, drugs and lifestyle

By the end of this chapter you will be able to

  • Describe the parts of a balanced diet, and why the body needs each part
  • Explain how regular exercise affects the heart, lungs, muscles and bones
  • Explain why sleep and rest matter for the body and the brain
  • Explain that medicines help only when taken as advised, and that misuse can harm the body
  • Describe, in general terms, how tobacco, alcohol and caffeine affect the body, and why children should avoid them
  • Use data on diet and exercise to find totals, means and comparisons

You should already know

  • Digestion and nutrients, and the circulatory system (Chapter 3 of this book)
  • The heart, lungs, muscles and skeleton (Year 3 and Year 4 Science)

Where this leads

  • Healthy lifestyles in later life, and the body systems in Key Stage 3 biology

National Curriculum for England, Key Stage 2 science, Year 6. Content: A2 recognise the impact of diet, exercise, drugs and lifestyle on the way their bodies function.

Exercise P  Do you remember?

1
FWhich organ pumps blood round the body? Write the word.
2
FWhich gas do our bodies need from the air to release energy from food? Write the word.
3
FWhat do we call the beat you can feel in an artery? Write the word.
4
FWhat is the name of the substance in food that the body uses for energy, growth and repair? Write the word.
5
FWhich bones protect the heart and the lungs? Write one word.
4.1

A balanced diet

Year 6
A2: recognise the impact of diet on the way the body functions
Video lesson: A balanced dietComing soon
Story. Mo has a packed lunch. His friend Priya asks what is in it. “Bread, cheese, an apple and some carrot sticks,” says Mo. “That is a good mix,” says Mrs Chen. “Your body needs lots of different nutrients to work well.”

A balanced diet gives the body all the nutrients it needs in the right amounts. These include carbohydrates for energy, proteins for growth and repair, fats for energy and to protect organs, vitamins and minerals for many body processes, fibre for a healthy gut, and water to keep the body working.

A plate diagram shows roughly what a balanced plate looks like. Fruit and vegetables should be the largest part. Foods with a lot of sugar, salt or fat should be eaten only in small amounts.

fruit and vegetablesstarchy foodsprotein foodsdairyfats and sugarsa balanced plate (not to exact scale)
A plate split into slices: fruit and vegetables and starchy foods are the largest slices. Protein foods, dairy, and fats and sugars are smaller.

The table shows how the slices compare.

Food groupRoughly how much of the plate
fruit and vegetablesabout 36 out of 100 parts
starchy foods (bread, rice, pasta, potatoes)about 34 out of 100 parts
protein foods (meat, fish, eggs, beans)about 14 out of 100 parts
dairy foodsabout 8 out of 100 parts
fats and sugars (small amounts)about 8 out of 100 parts

Key ideas

  • A balanced diet gives all the nutrients the body needs, in the right amounts.
  • Fruit and vegetables should make up a large part of the diet.
  • Water is needed to keep the body working.
  • Foods high in sugar, salt or fat should be eaten only in small amounts.
Worked example 4.1.1
Look at the plate in section 4.1. Which food group is the largest slice? Write the name of the group.

Method. Look for the largest slice.

  1. Compare the slices. The fruit and vegetables slice is about 36 out of 100 parts, the largest slice.
    36
  2. Name the group. So the largest slice is fruit and vegetables.
    fruit and vegetables
  3. Write the answer.
    fruit and vegetables

Check. Starchy foods are a close second. ✓

Worked example 4.1.2
Ali ate 5 portions of fruit and vegetables in one day, Priya ate 3 and Mo ate 4. What is the mean number of portions? Write the number.

Method. Add the portions, then divide by 3.

  1. Add. The total is 5 + 3 + 4.
    12
  2. Divide. Divide 12 by 3 pupils.
    12 divided by 3 is 4
  3. Write the answer.
    4

Check. The mean is 4 portions for the three pupils. ✓

Worked example 4.1.3
Which nutrient is needed for growth and repair? Write the name.

Method. Recall the job of each nutrient.

  1. Recall the jobs. Carbohydrates give energy, but proteins are used for growth and repair.
    proteins
  2. Write the name. So the nutrient is protein.
    protein
  3. Write the answer.
    protein

Check. Protein foods include meat, fish, eggs and beans. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: a diet with a lot of sugar or fat is not balanced, even if it has plenty of energy. Balance means a mix of nutrients in the right amounts.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you describe a balanced diet, name at least three kinds of nutrient, and say why each one is needed.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). With a grown-up, write down everything you ate and drank for one day. Sort the foods into the slices on the plate. Which slice is the largest? Which slice is missing or small? Talk about one change you could make, and do not skip meals to lose weight.

Exercise 4A  A balanced diet

1
FWhich part of a balanced plate is the largest slice in the plate diagram? Write the name.
2
FHow many food groups are shown on the plate in section 4.1? Write the number.
3
FWhich nutrient gives the body energy, and is found in bread, rice and pasta? Write the name.
4
FWhich nutrient is used for growth and repair? Write one word.
5
FWhich substance keeps the body working, and is needed in every balanced diet? Write one word.
6
FAli ate 5 portions of fruit and vegetables. Is that more than Priya's 3? Write yes or no.
7
FA pupil ate 3 portions of fruit and vegetables, and Mo ate 4. How many portions did they eat altogether? Write the number.
8
FLook at the table in section 4.1. Did Mo eat more or fewer portions than Ali? Write more or fewer.
9
PSPriya ate 3 portions of fruit and vegetables. What is the difference between her portions and the mean? Write the number.
10
PSWrite one food that is a protein food, from the plate in section 4.1. Write the name of the food.
11
PSAli says a diet with a lot of sugar is a balanced diet because it gives plenty of energy. Is Ali right? Write yes or no.
12
RExplain why a balanced diet needs more than one type of nutrient. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: explain why a balanced plate has more fruit and vegetables than fats and sugars. Write one sentence.
4.2

Exercise and the body

Year 6
A2: recognise the impact of exercise on the way the body functions
Video lesson: Exercise and the bodyComing soon
Story. Sam keeps a diary of his active minutes for a week. “I did more on Saturday than on Friday,” he says. “Let’s see if I did enough each day,” says his grown-up, who has the target of 60 minutes in mind.

Exercise is any movement that makes the body work harder. Regular exercise helps the body in many ways:

UK guidance says that children should aim for at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity each day.

0306090target 60active minutes60Mon45Tue75Wed60Thu30Fri90Sat60Sun
Bar chart of active minutes each day for one week, with a target line at 60 minutes.

The table shows Sam's active minutes for the week, with the total.

DayActive minutes
Monday60
Tuesday45
Wednesday75
Thursday60
Friday30
Saturday90
Sunday60
Total420

Key ideas

  • Regular exercise makes the heart and the lungs work better.
  • Muscles and bones become stronger with regular exercise.
  • Children should aim for at least 60 minutes of activity each day.
  • Exercise is any movement that makes the body work harder.
Worked example 4.2.1
Look at the bar chart in section 4.2. Which day had the most active minutes? Write the name.

Method. Find the tallest bar.

  1. Compare the bars. The tallest bar is for Saturday, at 90 minutes.
    90
  2. Write the name. So the day with most minutes is Saturday.
    Saturday
  3. Write the answer.
    Saturday

Check. 90 is more than any other day. ✓

Worked example 4.2.2
Sam's target is 60 minutes each day. On how many days did he reach the target? Write the number.

Method. Count the days with 60 minutes or more.

  1. Read the table. Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday reached 60 minutes or more.
    five days
  2. Count. That is 5 days.
    5
  3. Write the answer.
    5

Check. Tuesday (45) and Friday (30) did not reach the target. ✓

Worked example 4.2.3
What is the mean number of active minutes each day for the week? Write the number of minutes.

Method. Divide the total by 7 days.

  1. Read the total. The total for the week is 420 minutes.
    420
  2. Divide. Divide 420 by 7 days.
    420 divided by 7 is 60
  3. Write the answer.
    60 minutes

Check. 7 times 60 is 420. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: a day with many minutes does not make up for days with few. The guidance is about each day, so every day counts.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you find a mean, add all the values first, then divide by the number of days, which is 7 here.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). For one day, keep a record of the minutes you were active, such as walking, running or playing. Compare your total with the 60 minute target, with a grown-up. Do not overdo it: stop if you feel unwell.

Exercise 4B  Exercise and the body

1
FWhich day in the table had 75 active minutes? Write the name.
2
FHow many active minutes were recorded on Tuesday? Write the number.
3
FWhat is the total number of active minutes for the week? Write the number.
4
FWhich day had the fewest active minutes? Write the name.
5
FOn how many days did Sam reach the 60 minute target? Write the number.
6
FWhich two days were below the target of 60 minutes? Write the two names.
7
FWhat is the mean number of active minutes per day? Write the number.
8
FName one part of the body that becomes stronger with regular exercise. Write one word.
9
PSSam's Friday had 30 minutes, and his Saturday had 90. How many more minutes did he have on Saturday? Write the number.
10
PSSam says he did enough exercise on the week because his total was over 400 minutes. Is he right? Write yes or no.
11
RExplain why the lungs take in more air during exercise. Write one sentence.
12
RExplain why a person who exercises regularly may have a stronger heart. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: explain why a day with no exercise at all might affect the body differently from a day with 60 minutes. Write one sentence.
4.3

Rest, sleep and lifestyle

Year 6
A2: recognise the impact of lifestyle, including rest and sleep, on the way bodies function
Video lesson: Rest, sleep and lifestyleComing soon
Story. Priya feels tired and grumpy after a late night. “Why do I feel like this?” she asks. Her mum says, “Your brain and your body recover while you sleep. Without enough rest, it is harder to concentrate and to feel well.”

A healthy lifestyle includes regular rest and sleep, exercise, a balanced diet, good personal hygiene and time to relax. Each part of it helps the body work well.

During sleep, the body repairs itself, and the brain sorts and stores what we have learned. Growing children need plenty of sleep.

heart: beats faster when we exerciselungs: take in more air when we exercisemuscles: get stronger with regular exercisebones: get stronger when we are activebrain: needs sleep to stay alert
A simple body outline showing the heart, lungs, muscles, bones and brain, with what exercise or rest does to each.

The table shows what different parts of the body need from exercise, rest and lifestyle.

Body partWhat exercise, rest or lifestyle does
Heartbeats faster during exercise, and gets stronger with regular activity
Lungstake in more air during exercise, to supply more oxygen
Musclesbecome stronger and more able to move the body with regular exercise
Bonesbecome stronger with regular exercise that puts weight on them
Brainneeds sleep and rest to stay alert and to store what we learn

Key ideas

  • Sleep and rest help the body to repair itself, and help the brain to store learning.
  • Exercise helps the heart, lungs, muscles and bones.
  • A healthy lifestyle includes good diet, exercise, rest and hygiene.
  • Each part of a healthy lifestyle works together.
Worked example 4.3.1
Which part of the body needs sleep to stay alert and to store what we learn? Write the name.

Method. Find the body part with a job about learning.

  1. Read the table. The brain needs sleep to stay alert and to store what we learn.
    brain
  2. Write the name. So the body part is the brain.
    brain
  3. Write the answer.
    brain

Check. The brain uses sleep to sort learning. ✓

Worked example 4.3.2
Which two parts of the body get stronger when a person is active? Write the two names.

Method. Find the parts that become stronger.

  1. Read the table. Muscles become stronger with regular exercise, and bones become stronger when used.
    muscles and bones
  2. Write the names. So the two parts are muscles and bones.
    muscles and bones
  3. Write the answer.
    muscles and bones

Check. Both need regular activity to stay strong. ✓

Worked example 4.3.3
Is a healthy lifestyle a single action, such as one good meal? Write yes or no.

Method. Think about what a lifestyle is.

  1. Read the description. A healthy lifestyle is a mix of diet, exercise, rest and hygiene over time.
    mix over time
  2. Decide. One good meal is not a whole lifestyle, so the answer is no.
    no
  3. Write the answer.
    no

Check. A healthy lifestyle is many habits together. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: a healthy lifestyle is a set of habits that work together. One action, such as one good meal or one active day, does not make a whole lifestyle.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you describe lifestyle, name at least two parts of it, such as exercise and sleep, and link each to a body part.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Keep a sleep and rest diary for three days with a grown-up. Write the time you went to bed and got up, and how you felt in the morning. Talk about what helps you to rest well, such as a calm evening and no screens before bed.

Exercise 4C  Rest, sleep and lifestyle

1
FWhich part of the body needs sleep to stay alert? Write the name.
2
FWhich two parts of the body become stronger with regular exercise? Write the two names.
3
FWhich part of the body beats faster during exercise? Write the name.
4
FWhich part of the body takes in more air during exercise? Write the name.
5
FIs sleep part of a healthy lifestyle? Write yes or no.
6
FName one part of a healthy lifestyle, other than sleep. Write one word.
7
PSPriya feels tired after a late night. Which part of the body is most affected in the table? Write the name.
8
PSSam says the heart and the lungs both work harder during exercise. Is Sam right? Write yes or no.
9
PSWrite one reason why a person needs rest as well as exercise. Write one sentence.
10
RExplain why a healthy lifestyle is a mix of several habits, and not one action. Write one sentence.
11
RExplain how lack of sleep might affect learning at school. Write one sentence.
12
RChallenge: explain why a grown-up might say that a child needs both exercise and sleep. Write one sentence.
4.4

Medicines and drugs

Year 6
A2: recognise the impact of drugs on the way the body functions, including medicines used correctly and misused
Video lesson: Medicines and drugsComing soon
Story. Aisha has a sore throat. Her grown-up gives her a medicine from the chemist, and reads the label with her. “Medicines help us get better, but only when we take them the right way,” her grown-up says. “Never take anything unless a grown-up or a doctor says it is safe.”

A drug is any substance that changes the way the body works. Some drugs are medicines, which doctors and pharmacists prescribe or recommend to help the body to recover from illness.

A medicine helps only when it is taken as advised, by the right person, in the right amount. Taking medicine without advice, or in the wrong amount, can harm the body. This is called misuse.

Children should never take any medicine unless a grown-up says it is safe. Medicines should be kept out of reach, and the label should always be read.

The table shows the general effects of medicines and of some other substances on the body.

Substance or medicineWhat it does to the body
Medicine taken as advised by a grown-up or a doctorhelps the body to recover from illness
Medicine taken without advice, or in the wrong amountcan harm the body, and can be dangerous
Tobacco smokedamages the lungs and the heart, and is very harmful
Alcoholaffects the brain and judgement, and can damage the liver
Caffeine, in tea, cola and some energy drinkscan make the heart beat faster and keep you awake

Key ideas

  • A medicine helps the body to recover only when it is taken as advised.
  • Misuse of a medicine, or taking it without advice, can harm the body.
  • Children should never take any medicine unless a grown-up says it is safe.
  • Always read the label, and keep medicines out of reach.
Worked example 4.4.1
Look at the table in section 4.4. Which substance helps the body to recover from illness when it is taken as advised? Write the words.

Method. Read the first row.

  1. Read the row. Medicine taken as advised helps the body to recover from illness.
    recover
  2. Write the words. So the answer is medicine taken as advised by a grown-up or a doctor.
    medicine taken as advised
  3. Write the answer.
    medicine taken as advised by a grown-up or a doctor

Check. Advice keeps the medicine safe. ✓

Worked example 4.4.2
Look at the table in section 4.4. What can misuse of a medicine do to the body? Write the words.

Method. Read the second row.

  1. Read the row. Medicine taken without advice, or in the wrong amount, can harm the body.
    can harm
  2. Write the words. So misuse can harm the body, and can be dangerous.
    can harm
  3. Write the answer.
    it can harm the body

Check. Misuse is dangerous, so it is never a safe choice. ✓

Worked example 4.4.3
Who decides whether a medicine is safe for a child? Write the words.

Method. Think about who is responsible for a child's safety.

  1. Think about the rule. Children should not take any medicine unless a grown-up says it is safe.
    a grown-up
  2. Write the answer. So a grown-up decides whether it is safe.
    a grown-up
  3. Write the answer.
    a grown-up

Check. A grown-up or a doctor makes the decision. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: a medicine that helps one person can harm another, or harm you if it is taken in the wrong amount. Never share medicines.

Exam tip

Exam tip. When you write about drugs, say that medicines help when they are used as advised, and that misuse can harm the body.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). With a grown-up, look at the labels on medicines at home, and find who says how each one should be taken. Do not open or taste any medicine. Talk about the rule that a child takes a medicine only when a grown-up says it is safe.

Exercise 4D  Medicines and drugs

1
FWhich kind of substance helps the body to recover from illness, when it is taken as advised? Write the words.
2
FWhat is a drug, in general terms? Write the words.
3
FWho should decide whether a medicine is safe for a child? Write the words.
4
FShould a child take a medicine that belongs to someone else? Write yes or no.
5
FWhat should you always do before taking any medicine? Write one word.
6
FWhere should medicines be kept, to keep young children safe? Write the words.
7
PSName the harm that misuse of a medicine can cause. Write the words.
8
PSAisha takes a medicine that her grown-up gave her, as the label says. Is this use of the medicine correct? Write yes or no.
9
PSRuby takes a medicine that a friend gave her. Explain why this is not safe. Write one sentence.
10
RExplain why a medicine can help one person but harm another. Write one sentence.
11
RChallenge: explain why the rule “a grown-up says it is safe” protects children. Write one sentence.
4.5

Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine

Year 6
A2: recognise the impact of drugs, including tobacco, alcohol and caffeine, on the way the body functions
Video lesson: Tobacco, alcohol and caffeineComing soon
Story. At a family party, Ruby sees a grown-up drink a cup of coffee and a glass of wine. “Are they both drugs?” she asks. Her grown-up explains: “Caffeine and alcohol both change how the body works. Some things are safe for adults, and children should avoid them.”

Some substances that adults use change the way the body works, and are not suitable for children.

Children should avoid all three. A healthy lifestyle, with good sleep, exercise and a balanced diet, does not need any of them.

The table in section 4.4 shows the general effects. The rows below are the three substances in this section.

SubstanceWhat it does to the body
Tobacco smokedamages the lungs and the heart, and is very harmful
Alcoholaffects the brain and judgement, and can damage the liver
Caffeine, in tea, cola and some energy drinkscan make the heart beat faster and keep you awake

Key ideas

  • Tobacco smoke damages the lungs and the heart.
  • Alcohol affects the brain and judgement, and can damage the liver.
  • Caffeine can make the heart beat faster and keep you awake.
  • Children should avoid tobacco, alcohol and caffeine, and ask a trusted adult if they are unsure.
Worked example 4.5.1
Which part of the body does tobacco smoke damage, according to the table? Write the two organs.

Method. Read the tobacco row.

  1. Read the row. Tobacco smoke damages the lungs and the heart.
    lungs and heart
  2. Write the answer. So the organs are the lungs and the heart.
    lungs and heart
  3. Write the answer.
    the lungs and the heart

Check. Both organs depend on a healthy circulation and breathing. ✓

Worked example 4.5.2
Which organ can be damaged by alcohol, according to the table? Write the name.

Method. Read the alcohol row.

  1. Read the row. Alcohol affects the brain and judgement, and can damage the liver.
    liver
  2. Write the name. So the organ is the liver.
    liver
  3. Write the answer.
    liver

Check. The liver can be damaged by alcohol. ✓

Worked example 4.5.3
Caffeine can make the heart beat faster. Is this a good reason for children to avoid it? Write yes or no.

Method. Think about the heart.

  1. Think about the effect. A faster heart beat is an effect that children do not need.
    faster
  2. Decide. So children should avoid caffeine, and the answer is yes.
    yes
  3. Write the answer.
    yes

Check. Children should avoid caffeine. ✓

Watch out

Watch out: caffeine is found in some drinks that look like soft drinks. Always check with a grown-up what a drink contains.

Exam tip

Exam tip. Name the organ and the effect, for example: tobacco damages the lungs and the heart.

Try it (with your teacher, or a grown-up at home). Look at the labels on a cola or a tea packet with a grown-up, and find the word caffeine if it is listed. Talk about why children should avoid it. Plan one healthy drink to have instead, such as water or milk.

Exercise 4E  Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine

1
FWhich organs does tobacco smoke damage? Write the two names.
2
FWhich organ can alcohol damage? Write the name.
3
FWhich substance can make the heart beat faster and keep you awake? Write the word.
4
FName one drink that contains caffeine, according to section 4.5. Write the name.
5
FShould children avoid tobacco, alcohol and caffeine? Write yes or no.
6
FWhich organ is affected by both tobacco smoke and caffeine? Write the name.
7
FWhich substance affects the brain and judgement? Write the word.
8
PSRuby thinks a cola is safe to have every day because it is only a drink. Is Ruby right? Write yes or no.
9
PSPriya's grown-up has a cup of tea. Does tea contain caffeine, according to section 4.5? Write yes or no.
10
PSWrite one healthy drink that a child can have in place of a caffeinated drink. Write the name of the drink.
11
RExplain why tobacco smoke harms the heart as well as the lungs. Write one sentence.
12
RExplain why a child might feel tired after drinking a lot of caffeine late in the day. Write one sentence.
13
RChallenge: explain why the healthiest choice for a child is to avoid tobacco, alcohol and caffeine. Write one sentence.

Chapter summary

SkillMethod
Balanced dietA mix of nutrients in the right amounts: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water.
ExerciseRegular exercise makes the heart, lungs, muscles and bones stronger. Aim for at least 60 minutes a day.
Rest and sleepSleep lets the body repair and the brain store learning.
MedicinesMedicines help only when taken as advised. Misuse can harm the body. A grown-up decides for a child.
Tobacco, alcohol, caffeineTobacco damages the lungs and heart. Alcohol affects the brain and can damage the liver. Caffeine can speed up the heart and keep you awake. Children should avoid all three.

Can you…?

  • I can describe a balanced diet and name its nutrients
  • I can explain how exercise affects the heart, lungs, muscles and bones
  • I can explain why sleep and rest matter
  • I can explain that medicines help only when they are taken as advised
  • I can describe the general effects of tobacco, alcohol and caffeine on the body
  • I can find a total, a mean and a comparison from data about diet or exercise

Key terms

balanced diet
a diet that gives all the nutrients the body needs, in the right amounts
nutrient
a substance in food that the body uses for energy, growth, repair and health
carbohydrate
a nutrient that gives the body energy, such as bread, rice and pasta
protein
a nutrient the body uses for growth and repair, found in meat, fish, eggs and beans
fibre
a part of plant food that helps the gut to work well
exercise
any movement that makes the body work harder
drug
any substance that changes the way the body works
medicine
a drug that helps the body recover from illness when it is taken as advised
misuse
taking a drug without advice, or in the wrong amount
caffeine
a substance in tea, coffee, cola and some energy drinks that can speed up the heart and keep you awake

Exercise 4Z  Check-up

1
What is a balanced diet? Write one sentence, using the word nutrients.
2
Which food group is the largest slice on the plate in section 4.1? Write the name.
3
How many active minutes did Sam record on Saturday? Write the number.
4
What is the mean number of active minutes per day in the table in section 4.2? Write the number.
5
Which body part needs sleep to stay alert and to store learning? Write the name.
6
Who should decide whether a medicine is safe for a child? Write the words.
7
Which organ does alcohol damage, according to the table in section 4.5? Write the name.
8
On how many days did Sam reach the 60 minute target? Write the number.
9
Explain why exercise makes the lungs take in more air. Write one sentence.
10
Explain why a child should avoid caffeine. Write one sentence.

Total 15 marks. Allow about 15 minutes.

Exercise 4X  Practice test questions

1
FA balanced plate has a largest slice for fruit and vegetables. Name one nutrient that is found in protein foods. Write one word.[1 mark]
2
FAli took 45 active minutes on Tuesday, and 60 minutes on Thursday. How many minutes did he take on the two days altogether? Write the number.[1 mark]
3
PSA table shows active minutes: Monday 60, Tuesday 45, Wednesday 75, Thursday 60, Friday 30, Saturday 90, Sunday 60. Write the mean number of minutes each day.[2 marks]
4
RExplain how regular exercise helps the heart. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
5
FName the organ that tobacco smoke damages, along with the lungs. Write the name.[1 mark]
6
RA grown-up says: “Medicines help only when they are taken as advised.” Explain what could go wrong if a child takes a medicine without advice. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
7
FWhich substance affects the brain and judgement, and can damage the liver? Write the word.[1 mark]
8
RExplain why sleep is important for a child's brain. Write one sentence.[2 marks]
9
PSRuby says caffeine is safe for children because it is in a drink. Write one reason why Ruby is not right.[2 marks]
10
FWhich drink, needed to keep the body working, contains no caffeine? Write one word.[1 mark]
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