Multiplying with 2, 5 and 10
By the end of this chapter you will be able to
- Know the 2 times table
- Know the 5 times table
- Know the 10 times table
- Find a missing number in a multiplication or division
- Add the totals of equal groups
You should already know
- Multiplication as repeated addition (chapter 6)
- Counting in twos, fives and tens (chapter 1)
Where this leads
- Halves and quarters (chapter 8)
Step-by-step practice: maths (Level 3). Small steps, repeated until fluent. Content: Recall and use the multiplication facts for the 2, 5 and 10 times tables (MD1), Write and use multiplication statements, with the missing number in the gap (MD3), Use the 2, 5 and 10 facts for division, and see that division is the inverse of multiplication, Solve one-step problems by counting the total of several equal groups (MD5).
Exercise P Do you remember?
Non-calculatorMethod. Add the numbers one at a time, from the left.
- Add 2 and 2. Work from the left, two numbers at a time.2 + 2 = 4
- Add 2. Keep adding one number at a time.4 + 2 = 6
- Write the answer. This is the total.6
Check. Add them in a different order to check: the total is still 6.
Watch out. Add the numbers two at a time. Each step is small.
Method. Add the numbers one at a time, from the left.
- Add 5 and 5. Work from the left, two numbers at a time.5 + 5 = 10
- Add 5. Keep adding one number at a time.10 + 5 = 15
- Write the answer. This is the total.15
Check. Add them in a different order to check: the total is still 15.
Watch out. Add the numbers two at a time. Each step is small.
Method. Add the numbers one at a time, from the left.
- Add 10 and 10. Work from the left, two numbers at a time.10 + 10 = 20
- Write the answer. This is the total.20
Check. Add them in a different order to check: the total is still 20.
Watch out. Add the numbers two at a time. Each step is small.
Method. Add the numbers one at a time, from the left.
- Add 2 and 2. Work from the left, two numbers at a time.2 + 2 = 4
- Add 2. Keep adding one number at a time.4 + 2 = 6
- Add 2. Keep adding one number at a time.6 + 2 = 8
- Add 2. Keep adding one number at a time.8 + 2 = 10
- Write the answer. This is the total.10
Check. Add them in a different order to check: the total is still 10.
Watch out. Add the numbers two at a time. Each step is small.
Method. Add the numbers one at a time, from the left.
- Add 5 and 5. Work from the left, two numbers at a time.5 + 5 = 10
- Add 5. Keep adding one number at a time.10 + 5 = 15
- Add 5. Keep adding one number at a time.15 + 5 = 20
- Write the answer. This is the total.20
Check. Add them in a different order to check: the total is still 20.
Watch out. Add the numbers two at a time. Each step is small.
The 2 times table
The 2 times table counts in twos. Two groups of 7 are 14, and 7 groups of 2 are also 14.
Learn the facts in order, then say them in any order.
Key ideas
- Count in twos for the 2 times table.
- The order of the numbers does not change the answer.
- Each answer is even.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 7 = 14
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.14
Check. Check: 7 × 2 is also 14.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 9. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 9 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 9 = 18
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.18
Check. Check: 9 × 2 is also 18.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 4 = 8
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.8
Check. Check: 4 × 2 is also 8.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Watch out
Watch out. 2 × 8 is 16, not 14. Count in twos carefully, and check the number of steps.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Count out loud in twos, with a finger for each step. Ask: “Which fact can you say quickly?”
Exercise 7A Practice: the 2 times table
Non-calculatorMethod. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 8 = 16
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.16
Check. Check: 8 × 2 is also 16.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 8 = 16
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.16
Check. Check: 8 × 2 is also 16.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 4 = 8
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.8
Check. Check: 4 × 2 is also 8.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 7 = 14
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.14
Check. Check: 7 × 2 is also 14.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 10. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 10 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 10 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 10 × 2 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 5. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 5 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 5 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 5 × 2 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 6 = 12
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.12
Check. Check: 6 × 2 is also 12.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 3 = 6
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.6
Check. Check: 3 × 2 is also 6.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 12. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 12 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 12 = 24
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.24
Check. Check: 12 × 2 is also 24.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 6 = 12
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.12
Check. Check: 6 × 2 is also 12.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 1. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 1 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 1 = 2
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.2
Check. Check: 1 × 2 is also 2.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 10. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 10 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 10 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 10 × 2 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 2. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 2 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 2 = 4
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.4
Check. Check: 2 × 2 is also 4.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 9. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 9 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 9 = 18
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.18
Check. Check: 9 × 2 is also 18.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 9. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 9 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 9 = 18
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.18
Check. Check: 9 × 2 is also 18.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 3 = 6
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.6
Check. Check: 3 × 2 is also 6.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
The 5 times table
The 5 times table counts in fives. Each answer ends in 0 or 5.
Five groups of 6 are 30, and 6 groups of 5 are also 30.
Key ideas
- Count in fives for the 5 times table.
- Each answer ends in 0 or 5.
- The order of the numbers does not matter.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 6 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 6 × 5 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 8 = 40
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.40
Check. Check: 8 × 5 is also 40.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 3 = 15
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.15
Check. Check: 3 × 5 is also 15.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Watch out
Watch out. 5 × 7 is 35. Do not say 30 because you stopped too early in the count.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Hold up a hand for each group of five. Ask the child to count the fingers in the groups.
Exercise 7B Practice: the 5 times table
Non-calculatorMethod. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 1. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 1 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 1 = 5
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.5
Check. Check: 1 × 5 is also 5.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 10. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 10 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 10 = 50
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.50
Check. Check: 10 × 5 is also 50.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 3 = 15
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.15
Check. Check: 3 × 5 is also 15.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 11. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 11 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 11 = 55
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.55
Check. Check: 11 × 5 is also 55.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 5. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 5 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 5 = 25
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.25
Check. Check: 5 × 5 is also 25.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 11. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 11 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 11 = 55
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.55
Check. Check: 11 × 5 is also 55.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 2. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 2 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 2 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 2 × 5 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 3 = 15
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.15
Check. Check: 3 × 5 is also 15.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 6 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 6 × 5 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 2. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 2 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 2 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 2 × 5 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 4 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 4 × 5 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 8 = 40
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.40
Check. Check: 8 × 5 is also 40.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 12. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 12 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 12 = 60
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.60
Check. Check: 12 × 5 is also 60.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 7 = 35
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.35
Check. Check: 7 × 5 is also 35.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 6 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 6 × 5 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 4 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 4 × 5 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
The 10 times table
The 10 times table counts in tens. To multiply by 10, write the number and add a zero at the end.
For example, 10 × 4 = 40, and 9 × 10 = 90.
Key ideas
- Count in tens for the 10 times table.
- Add a zero at the end to multiply by 10.
- Use the same facts in any order.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 4 = 40
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.40
Check. Check: 4 × 10 is also 40.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 9. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 9 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 9 = 90
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.90
Check. Check: 9 × 10 is also 90.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 6 = 60
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.60
Check. Check: 6 × 10 is also 60.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Watch out
Watch out. 10 × 4 is 40, not 4. Only the zero is added to the end.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Count in tens on the fingers of one hand, then two hands. Ask: “What is ten groups of 3?”
Exercise 7C Practice: the 10 times table
Non-calculatorMethod. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 7 = 70
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.70
Check. Check: 7 × 10 is also 70.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 12. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 12 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 12 = 120
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.120
Check. Check: 12 × 10 is also 120.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 4 = 40
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.40
Check. Check: 4 × 10 is also 40.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 3. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 3 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 3 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 3 × 10 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 1. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 1 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 1 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 1 × 10 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 11. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 11 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 11 = 110
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.110
Check. Check: 11 × 10 is also 110.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 8 = 80
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.80
Check. Check: 8 × 10 is also 80.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 6 = 60
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.60
Check. Check: 6 × 10 is also 60.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 7 = 70
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.70
Check. Check: 7 × 10 is also 70.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 2. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 2 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 2 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 2 × 10 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 5. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 5 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 5 = 50
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.50
Check. Check: 5 × 10 is also 50.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 6 = 60
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.60
Check. Check: 6 × 10 is also 60.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 10. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 10 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 10 = 100
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.100
Check. Check: 10 × 10 is also 100.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 1. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 1 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 1 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 1 × 10 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 4 = 40
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.40
Check. Check: 4 × 10 is also 40.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 8 = 80
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.80
Check. Check: 8 × 10 is also 80.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Missing numbers and dividing with 2, 5 and 10
Division is the opposite of multiplication. 30 ÷ 5 asks: how many groups of 5 make 30?
Use the same facts to find a missing number. 5 × ___ = 35 asks: what times 5 makes 35?
Key ideas
- Division asks how many groups.
- The inverse of × is ÷.
- Count in steps to find the missing number.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think: how many groups of 5 make 35? Count in steps of the first number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
- Count the groups. We said 7 numbers, so there are 7 groups.7 groups of 5
- Write the missing number. This is the number of groups.7
Check. Check: 5 × 7 = 35.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 10 × ? = 60. Division asks how many groups.10 × ? = 60
- Count in 10s until you reach 60. Count the steps as you go.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.6
Check. Check: 10 × 6 = 60, so 60 ÷ 10 = 6.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 2s until you reach 10. Each count is one group.2, 4, 6, 8, 10
- Count the numbers you said. There are 5 numbers, so there are 5 groups.5 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.5
Check. Check: 2 × 5 = 10.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Watch out
Watch out. 30 ÷ 5 is 6, because 5 × 6 = 30. Do not divide 5 by 30.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Ask: “What times the number makes this answer? Count in steps until you get there.”
Exercise 7D Practice: missing numbers and division
Non-calculatorMethod. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 5 × ? = 60. Division asks how many groups.5 × ? = 60
- Count in 5s until you reach 60. Count the steps as you go.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.12
Check. Check: 5 × 12 = 60, so 60 ÷ 5 = 12.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 2 × ? = 4. Division asks how many groups.2 × ? = 4
- Count in 2s until you reach 4. Count the steps as you go.2, 4
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.2
Check. Check: 2 × 2 = 4, so 4 ÷ 2 = 2.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 2s until you reach 16. Each count is one group.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
- Count the numbers you said. There are 8 numbers, so there are 8 groups.8 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.8
Check. Check: 2 × 8 = 16.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 2 × ? = 6. Division asks how many groups.2 × ? = 6
- Count in 2s until you reach 6. Count the steps as you go.2, 4, 6
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.3
Check. Check: 2 × 3 = 6, so 6 ÷ 2 = 3.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 5s until you reach 40. Each count is one group.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
- Count the numbers you said. There are 8 numbers, so there are 8 groups.8 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.8
Check. Check: 5 × 8 = 40.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 2 × ? = 14. Division asks how many groups.2 × ? = 14
- Count in 2s until you reach 14. Count the steps as you go.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.7
Check. Check: 2 × 7 = 14, so 14 ÷ 2 = 7.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think: how many groups of 5 make 10? Count in steps of the first number.5, 10
- Count the groups. We said 2 numbers, so there are 2 groups.2 groups of 5
- Write the missing number. This is the number of groups.2
Check. Check: 5 × 2 = 10.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 5 × ? = 55. Division asks how many groups.5 × ? = 55
- Count in 5s until you reach 55. Count the steps as you go.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.11
Check. Check: 5 × 11 = 55, so 55 ÷ 5 = 11.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 5s until you reach 35. Each count is one group.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
- Count the numbers you said. There are 7 numbers, so there are 7 groups.7 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.7
Check. Check: 5 × 7 = 35.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 10 × ? = 110. Division asks how many groups.10 × ? = 110
- Count in 10s until you reach 110. Count the steps as you go.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.11
Check. Check: 10 × 11 = 110, so 110 ÷ 10 = 11.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 2 × ? = 22. Division asks how many groups.2 × ? = 22
- Count in 2s until you reach 22. Count the steps as you go.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.11
Check. Check: 2 × 11 = 22, so 22 ÷ 2 = 11.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 10 × ? = 40. Division asks how many groups.10 × ? = 40
- Count in 10s until you reach 40. Count the steps as you go.10, 20, 30, 40
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.4
Check. Check: 10 × 4 = 40, so 40 ÷ 10 = 4.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 10 × ? = 70. Division asks how many groups.10 × ? = 70
- Count in 10s until you reach 70. Count the steps as you go.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.7
Check. Check: 10 × 7 = 70, so 70 ÷ 10 = 7.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 10 × ? = 50. Division asks how many groups.10 × ? = 50
- Count in 10s until you reach 50. Count the steps as you go.10, 20, 30, 40, 50
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.5
Check. Check: 10 × 5 = 50, so 50 ÷ 10 = 5.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 2s until you reach 10. Each count is one group.2, 4, 6, 8, 10
- Count the numbers you said. There are 5 numbers, so there are 5 groups.5 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.5
Check. Check: 2 × 5 = 10.
Watch out. The times table of 2 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 10s until you reach 20. Each count is one group.10, 20
- Count the numbers you said. There are 2 numbers, so there are 2 groups.2 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.2
Check. Check: 10 × 2 = 20.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Totals of several equal groups
Find the total in each set of equal groups, then add the totals together if there are two sets.
Look at the question. Words like altogether, in all and in total mean add.
Key ideas
- Work out each set of equal groups.
- Add the totals if there are two sets.
- Altogether means add.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 4 groups of 5 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.5 + 5 + 5 + 5
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 5s, 4 times.5, 10, 15, 20
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.20
Check. Count in 5s 4 times and you reach 20.
Watch out. Multiply 4 by 5: each group is 5.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 2 groups of 5. Count in steps of the first number.5, 10 gives 10
- Find the pencils in the second set: 3 groups of 10. Count in steps of the second number.10, 20, 30 gives 30
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.10 + 30 = 40
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.40
Check. Check: 10 is the first set and 30 is the second, so 10 + 30 = 40.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 3 groups of 2. Count in steps of the first number.2, 4, 6 gives 6
- Find the pencils in the second set: 2 groups of 5. Count in steps of the second number.5, 10 gives 10
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.6 + 10 = 16
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.16
Check. Check: 6 is the first set and 10 is the second, so 6 + 10 = 16.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Watch out
Watch out. Work out each set first. Do not add the groups and the sizes, such as 3 + 5.
Exam tip
Grown-up tip. Ask: “How many groups? How many in each group? Find each total, then put them together.”
Exercise 7E Practice: totals of equal groups
Non-calculatorMethod. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 9 groups of 10 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 10s, 9 times.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.90
Check. Count in 10s 9 times and you reach 90.
Watch out. Multiply 9 by 10: each group is 10.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 7 groups of 5 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 5s, 7 times.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.35
Check. Count in 5s 7 times and you reach 35.
Watch out. Multiply 7 by 5: each group is 5.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 8 groups of 10 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 10s, 8 times.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.80
Check. Count in 10s 8 times and you reach 80.
Watch out. Multiply 8 by 10: each group is 10.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 4 groups of 2 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.2 + 2 + 2 + 2
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 2s, 4 times.2, 4, 6, 8
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.8
Check. Count in 2s 4 times and you reach 8.
Watch out. Multiply 4 by 2: each group is 2.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 3 groups of 10 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.10 + 10 + 10
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 10s, 3 times.10, 20, 30
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.30
Check. Count in 10s 3 times and you reach 30.
Watch out. Multiply 3 by 10: each group is 10.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 3 groups of 2 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.2 + 2 + 2
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 2s, 3 times.2, 4, 6
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.6
Check. Count in 2s 3 times and you reach 6.
Watch out. Multiply 3 by 2: each group is 2.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 6 groups of 2 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 2s, 6 times.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.12
Check. Count in 2s 6 times and you reach 12.
Watch out. Multiply 6 by 2: each group is 2.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 5 groups of 2 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 2s, 5 times.2, 4, 6, 8, 10
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.10
Check. Count in 2s 5 times and you reach 10.
Watch out. Multiply 5 by 2: each group is 2.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 4 groups of 10. Count in steps of the first number.10, 20, 30, 40 gives 40
- Find the pencils in the second set: 5 groups of 2. Count in steps of the second number.2, 4, 6, 8, 10 gives 10
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.40 + 10 = 50
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.50
Check. Check: 40 is the first set and 10 is the second, so 40 + 10 = 50.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 6 groups of 5. Count in steps of the first number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 gives 30
- Find the pencils in the second set: 3 groups of 10. Count in steps of the second number.10, 20, 30 gives 30
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.30 + 30 = 60
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.60
Check. Check: 30 is the first set and 30 is the second, so 30 + 30 = 60.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 3 groups of 2. Count in steps of the first number.2, 4, 6 gives 6
- Find the pencils in the second set: 5 groups of 5. Count in steps of the second number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 gives 25
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.6 + 25 = 31
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.31
Check. Check: 6 is the first set and 25 is the second, so 6 + 25 = 31.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 4 groups of 2. Count in steps of the first number.2, 4, 6, 8 gives 8
- Find the pencils in the second set: 2 groups of 5. Count in steps of the second number.5, 10 gives 10
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.8 + 10 = 18
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.18
Check. Check: 8 is the first set and 10 is the second, so 8 + 10 = 18.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 5 groups of 5. Count in steps of the first number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 gives 25
- Find the pencils in the second set: 6 groups of 10. Count in steps of the second number.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 gives 60
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.25 + 60 = 85
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.85
Check. Check: 25 is the first set and 60 is the second, so 25 + 60 = 85.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 4 groups of 5. Count in steps of the first number.5, 10, 15, 20 gives 20
- Find the pencils in the second set: 4 groups of 2. Count in steps of the second number.2, 4, 6, 8 gives 8
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.20 + 8 = 28
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.28
Check. Check: 20 is the first set and 8 is the second, so 20 + 8 = 28.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 3 groups of 10. Count in steps of the first number.10, 20, 30 gives 30
- Find the pencils in the second set: 6 groups of 2. Count in steps of the second number.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 gives 12
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.30 + 12 = 42
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.42
Check. Check: 30 is the first set and 12 is the second, so 30 + 12 = 42.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Method. Work out each set separately, then add the two totals.
- Find the pencils in the first set: 2 groups of 2. Count in steps of the first number.2, 4 gives 4
- Find the pencils in the second set: 5 groups of 5. Count in steps of the second number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 gives 25
- Add the two totals. Put the two sets together.4 + 25 = 29
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.29
Check. Check: 4 is the first set and 25 is the second, so 4 + 25 = 29.
Watch out. Work out each set first. Then add the totals together.
Chapter summary
| Skill | Method |
|---|---|
| The 2 times table | Count in twos; the answers are even |
| The 5 times table | Count in fives; the answers end in 0 or 5 |
| The 10 times table | Add a zero to the end of the number |
| Missing numbers and division | Ask what times the number makes the answer; count in steps |
| Totals of groups | Work out each set, then add the totals |
Can you…?
- I can recall the 2 times table facts, in any order
- I can recall the 5 times table facts, in any order
- I can recall the 10 times table facts, in any order
- I can find a missing number in a multiplication
- I can use the facts for division, as the inverse of multiplication
- I can add the totals of equal groups to solve a problem
Key terms
- times table
- a list of the multiples of one number
- divide
- share into equal groups; the sign is ÷
- inverse
- the operation that undoes another; division undoes multiplication
- multiple
- a number in the times table of another number, such as 10 is a multiple of 5
Exercise 7Z Check-up
Non-calculatorMethod. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 10s until you reach 70. Each count is one group.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
- Count the numbers you said. There are 7 numbers, so there are 7 groups.7 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.7
Check. Check: 10 × 7 = 70.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think of the multiplication: 5 × ? = 50. Division asks how many groups.5 × ? = 50
- Count in 5s until you reach 50. Count the steps as you go.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.10
Check. Check: 5 × 10 = 50, so 50 ÷ 5 = 10.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 10. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 10 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 10 = 100
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.100
Check. Check: 10 × 10 is also 100.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 4 groups of 10 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.10 + 10 + 10 + 10
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 10s, 4 times.10, 20, 30, 40
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.40
Check. Count in 10s 4 times and you reach 40.
Watch out. Multiply 4 by 10: each group is 10.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 12. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 12 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 12 = 24
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.24
Check. Check: 12 × 2 is also 24.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 6 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 6 × 5 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 7. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 7 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 7 = 14
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.14
Check. Check: 7 × 2 is also 14.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Count in 10s until you reach 30. Each count is one group.10, 20, 30
- Count the numbers you said. There are 3 numbers, so there are 3 groups.3 groups
- Write the answer. This is the number of groups.3
Check. Check: 10 × 3 = 30.
Watch out. The times table of 10 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 6 = 60
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.60
Check. Check: 6 × 10 is also 60.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 4 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 4 × 5 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Total 19 marks. Allow about 19 minutes.
Exercise 7X Practice test questions
Non-calculatorMethod. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 6. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 6 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 6 = 30
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.30
Check. Check: 6 × 5 is also 30.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Use repeated addition, or count in steps of the group size.
- Write 9 groups of 2 as repeated addition. Each pack or group has the same number.2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
- Add them up, or count in steps. Count in 2s, 9 times.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
- Write the answer. This is the total altogether.18
Check. Count in 2s 9 times and you reach 18.
Watch out. Multiply 9 by 2: each group is 2.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 9. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 9 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 9 = 90
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.90
Check. Check: 9 × 10 is also 90.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 4 = 8
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.8
Check. Check: 4 × 2 is also 8.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 2s to find 2 groups of 8. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 2s, 8 times. Each count adds one more group of 2.2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.2 × 8 = 16
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.16
Check. Check: 8 × 2 is also 16.
Watch out. Say the 2 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 2. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 2 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 2 = 10
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.10
Check. Check: 2 × 5 is also 10.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 4 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 4 × 5 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Count in 5s to find 5 groups of 4. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 5s, 4 times. Each count adds one more group of 5.5, 10, 15, 20
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.5 × 4 = 20
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.20
Check. Check: 4 × 5 is also 20.
Watch out. Say the 5 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.
Method. Use the 2, 5 or 10 facts. Count in steps of the number to find the missing number.
- Think: how many groups of 5 make 40? Count in steps of the first number.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
- Count the groups. We said 8 numbers, so there are 8 groups.8 groups of 5
- Write the missing number. This is the number of groups.8
Check. Check: 5 × 8 = 40.
Watch out. The times table of 5 is the key. Division is the opposite of multiplication.
Method. Count in 10s to find 10 groups of 12. The order of the two numbers does not matter.
- Count in 10s, 12 times. Each count adds one more group of 10.10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120
- The last number we said is the answer. We counted in equal groups.10 × 12 = 120
- Write the answer. The order of the numbers does not change the answer.120
Check. Check: 12 × 10 is also 120.
Watch out. Say the 10 times table in order until you reach the fact you need.