Year 4: The 3, 6, 9 and 12 times tables

Method. Four is double double. Double the number, then double the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 3 × 4 = 4 × 3. Use the 4 times table trick.
   3 × 4 = 4 × 3
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   3 + 3 = 6
3. Double the answer again. Doubling twice gives 4 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
4. Write the answer.
   3 × 4 = 12

Check. Check by dividing: 12 ÷ 3 = 4. ✓

Watch out. You must double twice. Doubling once gives the 2 times table.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
2. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   12 + 6 = 18
3. Write the answer.
   3 × 6 = 18

Check. Check by dividing: 18 ÷ 3 = 6. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 7 × 3 = 3 × 7. Use the 3 times table trick.
   7 × 3 = 3 × 7
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   7 + 7 = 14
3. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   14 + 7 = 21
4. Write the answer.
   7 × 3 = 21

Check. Check by dividing: 21 ÷ 3 = 7. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 3 × 9 = 9 × 3. Use the 9 times table trick.
   3 × 9 = 9 × 3
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 3 = 30
3. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   30 − 3 = 27
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   3 × 9 = 27

Check. The digits of 27 add up to 9: 2 + 7 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 3, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 3 you work out 10 × 3 − 3.

Method. Eleven is ten and one more. Multiply by 10, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 3 × 11 = 11 × 3. Use the 11 times table trick.
   3 × 11 = 11 × 3
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 3 = 30
3. Add one more group. 11 = 10 + 1, so add the number itself once more. You can also write the digit twice: 33.
   30 + 3 = 33
4. Write the answer.
   3 × 11 = 33

Check. Check by dividing: 33 ÷ 3 = 11. ✓

Watch out. The “write the digit twice” trick only works from 11 × 1 to 11 × 9. For 11 × 12 it does not give 1212. Use 10 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 3 = 3 × 12. Use the 3 times table trick.
   12 × 3 = 3 × 12
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
3. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   24 + 12 = 36
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 3 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 3 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   8 + 8 = 16
2. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   16 + 8 = 24
3. Write the answer.
   3 × 8 = 24

Check. Check by dividing: 24 ÷ 3 = 8. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Five is half of ten. Multiply by 10 first, then halve the answer.

1. Multiply by 10. This is easy: move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 3 = 30
2. Halve the answer. 5 is half of 10, so 5 lots of a number is half of 10 lots.
   half of 20 = 10, half of 10 = 5, so 10 + 5 = 15
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 5 times table end in 0 or 5.
   5 × 3 = 15

Check. Check by dividing: 15 ÷ 3 = 5. ✓

Watch out. Halve the answer to 10 × the number. Do not halve the number before you multiply by 10 and then forget to multiply.

Method. To multiply by 10, every digit moves one place to the left. The ones become tens.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 3 × 10 = 10 × 3. Use the 10 times table trick.
   3 × 10 = 10 × 3
2. Think about tens. 10 × 3 means 3 lots of 10, which is 3 tens.
   3 tens
3. Move the digits one place to the left. A tens column needs a 0 in the ones place.
   3 → 30
4. Write the answer.
   3 × 10 = 30

Check. Check by dividing: 30 ÷ 3 = 10. ✓

Watch out. The 10 times table has a 0 in the ones place every time. Put the 0 on the end, but think “tens” so you understand why.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
2. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   24 + 12 = 36
3. Write the answer.
   3 × 12 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 3 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Four is double double. Double the number, then double the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 4 = 4 × 6. Use the 4 times table trick.
   6 × 4 = 4 × 6
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
3. Double the answer again. Doubling twice gives 4 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
4. Write the answer.
   6 × 4 = 24

Check. Check by dividing: 24 ÷ 4 = 6. ✓

Watch out. You must double twice. Doubling once gives the 2 times table.

Method. Six is five and one more. Work out 5 lots, then add one more group.

1. Work out 5 lots. The 5 times table is half of the 10 times table: 60 halved.
   5 × 6 = 30
2. Add one more group. 6 = 5 + 1, so add the number once more.
   30 + 6 = 36
3. Write the answer.
   6 × 6 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 6 = 6. ✓

Watch out. Add one more group, not six more. 6 lots = 5 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Six is five and one more. Work out 5 lots, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 7 × 6 = 6 × 7. Use the 6 times table trick.
   7 × 6 = 6 × 7
2. Work out 5 lots. The 5 times table is half of the 10 times table: 70 halved.
   5 × 7 = 35
3. Add one more group. 6 = 5 + 1, so add the number once more.
   35 + 7 = 42
4. Write the answer.
   7 × 6 = 42

Check. Check by dividing: 42 ÷ 6 = 7. ✓

Watch out. Add one more group, not six more. 6 lots = 5 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 9 = 9 × 6. Use the 9 times table trick.
   6 × 9 = 9 × 6
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 6 = 60
3. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   60 − 6 = 54
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   6 × 9 = 54

Check. The digits of 54 add up to 9: 5 + 4 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 6, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 6 you work out 10 × 6 − 6.

Method. Eleven is ten and one more. Multiply by 10, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 11 = 11 × 6. Use the 11 times table trick.
   6 × 11 = 11 × 6
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 6 = 60
3. Add one more group. 11 = 10 + 1, so add the number itself once more. You can also write the digit twice: 66.
   60 + 6 = 66
4. Write the answer.
   6 × 11 = 66

Check. Check by dividing: 66 ÷ 6 = 11. ✓

Watch out. The “write the digit twice” trick only works from 11 × 1 to 11 × 9. For 11 × 12 it does not give 1212. Use 10 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 6 = 60
2. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   6 + 6 = 12
3. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   60 + 12 = 72
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 6 = 72

Check. Check by dividing: 72 ÷ 6 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Eight is double double double. Double the number three times.

1. Double once. This gives 2 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
2. Double again. This gives 4 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
3. Double a third time. This gives 8 lots.
   double 20 = 40, double 4 = 8, so 40 + 8 = 48
4. Write the answer.
   8 × 6 = 48

Check. Check by dividing: 48 ÷ 6 = 8. ✓

Watch out. Count your doubles. Three doubles give 8 lots. Two doubles only give 4.

Method. Five is half of ten. Multiply by 10 first, then halve the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 5 = 5 × 6. Use the 5 times table trick.
   6 × 5 = 5 × 6
2. Multiply by 10. This is easy: move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 6 = 60
3. Halve the answer. 5 is half of 10, so 5 lots of a number is half of 10 lots.
   half of 60 = 30
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 5 times table end in 0 or 5.
   6 × 5 = 30

Check. Check by dividing: 30 ÷ 5 = 6. ✓

Watch out. Halve the answer to 10 × the number. Do not halve the number before you multiply by 10 and then forget to multiply.

Method. To multiply by 10, every digit moves one place to the left. The ones become tens.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 10 = 10 × 6. Use the 10 times table trick.
   6 × 10 = 10 × 6
2. Think about tens. 10 × 6 means 6 lots of 10, which is 6 tens.
   6 tens
3. Move the digits one place to the left. A tens column needs a 0 in the ones place.
   6 → 60
4. Write the answer.
   6 × 10 = 60

Check. Check by dividing: 60 ÷ 6 = 10. ✓

Watch out. The 10 times table has a 0 in the ones place every time. Put the 0 on the end, but think “tens” so you understand why.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 3 = 3 × 6. Use the 3 times table trick.
   6 × 3 = 3 × 6
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
3. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   12 + 6 = 18
4. Write the answer.
   6 × 3 = 18

Check. Check by dividing: 18 ÷ 3 = 6. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 3 = 30
2. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   30 − 3 = 27
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   9 × 3 = 27

Check. The digits of 27 add up to 9: 2 + 7 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 3, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 3 you work out 10 × 3 − 3.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 6 = 60
2. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   60 − 6 = 54
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   9 × 6 = 54

Check. The digits of 54 add up to 9: 5 + 4 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 6, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 6 you work out 10 × 6 − 6.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 7 × 9 = 9 × 7. Use the 9 times table trick.
   7 × 9 = 9 × 7
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 7 = 70
3. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   70 − 7 = 63
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   7 × 9 = 63

Check. The digits of 63 add up to 9: 6 + 3 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 7, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 7 you work out 10 × 7 − 7.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 9 = 90
2. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   90 − 9 = 81
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   9 × 9 = 81

Check. The digits of 81 add up to 9: 8 + 1 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 9, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 9 you work out 10 × 9 − 9.

Method. Eleven is ten and one more. Multiply by 10, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 9 × 11 = 11 × 9. Use the 11 times table trick.
   9 × 11 = 11 × 9
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 9 = 90
3. Add one more group. 11 = 10 + 1, so add the number itself once more. You can also write the digit twice: 99.
   90 + 9 = 99
4. Write the answer.
   9 × 11 = 99

Check. The digits of 99 add up to 9: 9 + 9 = 18. ✓

Watch out. The “write the digit twice” trick only works from 11 × 1 to 11 × 9. For 11 × 12 it does not give 1212. Use 10 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 9 = 9 × 12. Use the 9 times table trick.
   12 × 9 = 9 × 12
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 12 = 120
3. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   120 − 12 = 108
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   12 × 9 = 108

Check. Check by dividing: 108 ÷ 9 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Take away 12, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 12 you work out 10 × 12 − 12.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 8 = 80
2. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   80 − 8 = 72
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   9 × 8 = 72

Check. The digits of 72 add up to 9: 7 + 2 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 8, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 8 you work out 10 × 8 − 8.

Method. Five is half of ten. Multiply by 10 first, then halve the answer.

1. Multiply by 10. This is easy: move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 9 = 90
2. Halve the answer. 5 is half of 10, so 5 lots of a number is half of 10 lots.
   half of 80 = 40, half of 10 = 5, so 40 + 5 = 45
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 5 times table end in 0 or 5.
   5 × 9 = 45

Check. The digits of 45 add up to 9: 4 + 5 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Halve the answer to 10 × the number. Do not halve the number before you multiply by 10 and then forget to multiply.

Method. To multiply by 10, every digit moves one place to the left. The ones become tens.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 9 × 10 = 10 × 9. Use the 10 times table trick.
   9 × 10 = 10 × 9
2. Think about tens. 10 × 9 means 9 lots of 10, which is 9 tens.
   9 tens
3. Move the digits one place to the left. A tens column needs a 0 in the ones place.
   9 → 90
4. Write the answer.
   9 × 10 = 90

Check. The digits of 90 add up to 9: 9 + 0 = 9. ✓

Watch out. The 10 times table has a 0 in the ones place every time. Put the 0 on the end, but think “tens” so you understand why.

Method. Four is double double. Double the number, then double the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 9 × 4 = 4 × 9. Use the 4 times table trick.
   9 × 4 = 4 × 9
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   9 + 9 = 18
3. Double the answer again. Doubling twice gives 4 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 8 = 16, so 20 + 16 = 36
4. Write the answer.
   9 × 4 = 36

Check. The digits of 36 add up to 9: 3 + 6 = 9. ✓

Watch out. You must double twice. Doubling once gives the 2 times table.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 3 = 3 × 12. Use the 3 times table trick.
   12 × 3 = 3 × 12
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
3. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   24 + 12 = 36
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 3 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 3 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 6 = 60
2. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   6 + 6 = 12
3. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   60 + 12 = 72
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 6 = 72

Check. Check by dividing: 72 ÷ 6 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 7 × 12 = 12 × 7. Use the 12 times table trick.
   7 × 12 = 12 × 7
2. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 7 = 70
3. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   7 + 7 = 14
4. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   70 + 14 = 84
5. Write the answer.
   7 × 12 = 84

Check. Check by dividing: 84 ÷ 7 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 9 = 9 × 12. Use the 9 times table trick.
   12 × 9 = 9 × 12
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 12 = 120
3. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   120 − 12 = 108
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   12 × 9 = 108

Check. Check by dividing: 108 ÷ 9 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Take away 12, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 12 you work out 10 × 12 − 12.

Method. Eleven is ten and one more. Multiply by 10, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 11 = 11 × 12. Use the 11 times table trick.
   12 × 11 = 11 × 12
2. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 12 = 120
3. Add one more group. 11 = 10 + 1, so add the number itself once more.
   120 + 12 = 132
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 11 = 132

Check. Check by dividing: 132 ÷ 11 = 12. ✓

Watch out. The “write the digit twice” trick only works from 11 × 1 to 11 × 9. For 11 × 12 it does not give 1212. Use 10 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 12 = 120
2. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
3. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   120 + 24 = 144
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 12 = 144

Check. Check by dividing: 144 ÷ 12 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 8 × 12 = 12 × 8. Use the 12 times table trick.
   8 × 12 = 12 × 8
2. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 8 = 80
3. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   8 + 8 = 16
4. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   80 + 16 = 96
5. Write the answer.
   8 × 12 = 96

Check. Check by dividing: 96 ÷ 8 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Four is double double. Double the number, then double the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 4 = 4 × 12. Use the 4 times table trick.
   12 × 4 = 4 × 12
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
3. Double the answer again. Doubling twice gives 4 lots.
   double 20 = 40, double 4 = 8, so 40 + 8 = 48
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 4 = 48

Check. Check by dividing: 48 ÷ 4 = 12. ✓

Watch out. You must double twice. Doubling once gives the 2 times table.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   7 + 7 = 14
2. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   14 + 7 = 21
3. Write the answer.
   3 × 7 = 21

Check. Check by dividing: 21 ÷ 3 = 7. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Eight is double double double. Double the number three times.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 6 × 8 = 8 × 6. Use the 8 times table trick.
   6 × 8 = 8 × 6
2. Double once. This gives 2 lots.
   6 + 6 = 12
3. Double again. This gives 4 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
4. Double a third time. This gives 8 lots.
   double 20 = 40, double 4 = 8, so 40 + 8 = 48
5. Write the answer.
   6 × 8 = 48

Check. Check by dividing: 48 ÷ 6 = 8. ✓

Watch out. Count your doubles. Three doubles give 8 lots. Two doubles only give 4.

Method. Nine is one less than ten. Multiply by 10, then take away one group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 7 = 70
2. Take away one group. 9 = 10 − 1, so take away the number itself once.
   70 − 7 = 63
3. Write the answer. Answers in the 9 times table have digits that add up to 9 (or 18).
   9 × 7 = 63

Check. The digits of 63 add up to 9: 6 + 3 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Take away 7, the other number, not 9. For 9 × 7 you work out 10 × 7 − 7.

Method. Twelve is ten and two. Multiply by 10, multiply by 2, then add.

1. Multiply by 10. Move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 8 = 80
2. Multiply by 2. Double the number.
   8 + 8 = 16
3. Add the two answers together. 12 = 10 + 2.
   80 + 16 = 96
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 8 = 96

Check. Check by dividing: 96 ÷ 8 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Do both parts, 10 lots and 2 lots, then add. Do not stop after 10 lots.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
2. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   24 + 12 = 36
3. Write the answer.
   3 × 12 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 3 = 12. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Method. Six is five and one more. Work out 5 lots, then add one more group.

1. Work out 5 lots. The 5 times table is half of the 10 times table: 60 halved.
   5 × 6 = 30
2. Add one more group. 6 = 5 + 1, so add the number once more.
   30 + 6 = 36
3. Write the answer.
   6 × 6 = 36

Check. Check by dividing: 36 ÷ 6 = 6. ✓

Watch out. Add one more group, not six more. 6 lots = 5 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Five is half of ten. Multiply by 10 first, then halve the answer.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 9 × 5 = 5 × 9. Use the 5 times table trick.
   9 × 5 = 5 × 9
2. Multiply by 10. This is easy: move the digits one place to the left.
   10 × 9 = 90
3. Halve the answer. 5 is half of 10, so 5 lots of a number is half of 10 lots.
   half of 80 = 40, half of 10 = 5, so 40 + 5 = 45
4. Write the answer. Answers in the 5 times table end in 0 or 5.
   9 × 5 = 45

Check. The digits of 45 add up to 9: 4 + 5 = 9. ✓

Watch out. Halve the answer to 10 × the number. Do not halve the number before you multiply by 10 and then forget to multiply.

Method. To multiply by 10, every digit moves one place to the left. The ones become tens.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 12 × 10 = 10 × 12. Use the 10 times table trick.
   12 × 10 = 10 × 12
2. Think about tens. 10 × 12 means 12 lots of 10, which is 12 tens.
   12 tens
3. Move the digits one place to the left. A tens column needs a 0 in the ones place.
   12 → 120
4. Write the answer.
   12 × 10 = 120

Check. Check by dividing: 120 ÷ 10 = 12. ✓

Watch out. The 10 times table has a 0 in the ones place every time. Put the 0 on the end, but think “tens” so you understand why.

Method. Six is five and one more. Work out 5 lots, then add one more group.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 7 × 6 = 6 × 7. Use the 6 times table trick.
   7 × 6 = 6 × 7
2. Work out 5 lots. The 5 times table is half of the 10 times table: 70 halved.
   5 × 7 = 35
3. Add one more group. 6 = 5 + 1, so add the number once more.
   35 + 7 = 42
4. Write the answer.
   7 × 6 = 42

Check. Check by dividing: 42 ÷ 6 = 7. ✓

Watch out. Add one more group, not six more. 6 lots = 5 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Eleven is ten and one more. Multiply by 10, then add one more group.

1. Multiply by 10. 10 lots of the number first.
   10 × 9 = 90
2. Add one more group. 11 = 10 + 1, so add the number itself once more. You can also write the digit twice: 99.
   90 + 9 = 99
3. Write the answer.
   11 × 9 = 99

Check. The digits of 99 add up to 9: 9 + 9 = 18. ✓

Watch out. The “write the digit twice” trick only works from 11 × 1 to 11 × 9. For 11 × 12 it does not give 1212. Use 10 lots + 1 lot.

Method. Four is double double. Double the number, then double the answer.

1. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   double 10 = 20, double 2 = 4, so 20 + 4 = 24
2. Double the answer again. Doubling twice gives 4 lots.
   double 20 = 40, double 4 = 8, so 40 + 8 = 48
3. Write the answer.
   4 × 12 = 48

Check. Check by dividing: 48 ÷ 4 = 12. ✓

Watch out. You must double twice. Doubling once gives the 2 times table.

Method. Three is double and one more. Double the number, then add the number once.

1. Swap the numbers round. Order does not matter in multiplication, so 8 × 3 = 3 × 8. Use the 3 times table trick.
   8 × 3 = 3 × 8
2. Double the number. This gives 2 lots.
   8 + 8 = 16
3. Add one more group. 3 = 2 + 1, so add the number once more.
   16 + 8 = 24
4. Write the answer.
   8 × 3 = 24

Check. Check by dividing: 24 ÷ 3 = 8. ✓

Watch out. Add the number itself, not 3, as the extra group.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that 3 is multiplied by to make 27.
   3 × ? = 27
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. The opposite of multiplying is dividing. Divide 27 by 3.
   27 ÷ 3 = 9
3. Write the missing number.
   3 × 9 = 27

Check. Put it back: 3 × 9 = 27. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that, multiplied by 6, makes 48.
   ? × 6 = 48
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. Order does not matter in multiplication. Divide 48 by 6.
   48 ÷ 6 = 8
3. Write the missing number.
   8 × 6 = 48

Check. Put it back: 8 × 6 = 48. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that 9 is multiplied by to make 72.
   9 × ? = 72
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. The opposite of multiplying is dividing. Divide 72 by 9.
   72 ÷ 9 = 8
3. Write the missing number.
   9 × 8 = 72

Check. Put it back: 9 × 8 = 72. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that, multiplied by 12, makes 96.
   ? × 12 = 96
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. Order does not matter in multiplication. Divide 96 by 12.
   96 ÷ 12 = 8
3. Write the missing number.
   8 × 12 = 96

Check. Put it back: 8 × 12 = 96. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that 6 is multiplied by to make 54.
   6 × ? = 54
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. The opposite of multiplying is dividing. Divide 54 by 6.
   54 ÷ 6 = 9
3. Write the missing number.
   6 × 9 = 54

Check. Put it back: 6 × 9 = 54. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Key words. A missing number is a number you have to find. Division and multiplication are inverses (opposites): they undo each other.

Method. Use the inverse operation. Multiplication and division undo each other.

1. Say what the sentence means. We need the number that, multiplied by 3, makes 33.
   ? × 3 = 33
2. Use the inverse (opposite) operation. Order does not matter in multiplication. Divide 33 by 3.
   33 ÷ 3 = 11
3. Write the missing number.
   11 × 3 = 33

Check. Put it back: 11 × 3 = 33. ✓

Watch out. Do not just put the numbers in the box in the order you see them. Think about what the sentence means.

Method. Hold up all ten fingers. Fold down the finger that matches the number you are multiplying 9 by. The fingers either side give the answer.

1. Hold up ten fingers and number them 1 to 10. Number the fingers from left to right. Fold down finger 4.
2. Count the fingers on the left of the folded finger. This is the number of tens.
   3 fingers on the left = 3 tens
3. Count the fingers on the right of the folded finger. This is the number of ones.
   6 fingers on the right = 6 ones
4. Write the tens and ones together.
   9 × 4 = 36

Check. Use the other method: 10 × 4 = 40, then 40 − 4 = 36. ✓

Watch out. The folded finger is not counted. Count only the fingers that are still up.

Method. Hold up all ten fingers. Fold down the finger that matches the number you are multiplying 9 by. The fingers either side give the answer.

1. Hold up ten fingers and number them 1 to 10. Number the fingers from left to right. Fold down finger 6.
2. Count the fingers on the left of the folded finger. This is the number of tens.
   5 fingers on the left = 5 tens
3. Count the fingers on the right of the folded finger. This is the number of ones.
   4 fingers on the right = 4 ones
4. Write the tens and ones together.
   9 × 6 = 54

Check. Use the other method: 10 × 6 = 60, then 60 − 6 = 54. ✓

Watch out. The folded finger is not counted. Count only the fingers that are still up.

Method. Hold up all ten fingers. Fold down the finger that matches the number you are multiplying 9 by. The fingers either side give the answer.

1. Hold up ten fingers and number them 1 to 10. Number the fingers from left to right. Fold down finger 8.
2. Count the fingers on the left of the folded finger. This is the number of tens.
   7 fingers on the left = 7 tens
3. Count the fingers on the right of the folded finger. This is the number of ones.
   2 fingers on the right = 2 ones
4. Write the tens and ones together.
   9 × 8 = 72

Check. Use the other method: 10 × 8 = 80, then 80 − 8 = 72. ✓

Watch out. The folded finger is not counted. Count only the fingers that are still up.

Method. Hold up all ten fingers. Fold down the finger that matches the number you are multiplying 9 by. The fingers either side give the answer.

1. Hold up ten fingers and number them 1 to 10. Number the fingers from left to right. Fold down finger 9.
2. Count the fingers on the left of the folded finger. This is the number of tens.
   8 fingers on the left = 8 tens
3. Count the fingers on the right of the folded finger. This is the number of ones.
   1 finger on the right = 1 ones
4. Write the tens and ones together.
   9 × 9 = 81

Check. Use the other method: 10 × 9 = 90, then 90 − 9 = 81. ✓

Watch out. The folded finger is not counted. Count only the fingers that are still up.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   4,  5
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   4 + 5 = 9
3. Decide. The digits add up to 9.
   Yes, 45 is in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 5 = 45. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   5,  4
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   5 + 4 = 9
3. Decide. The digits add up to 9.
   Yes, 54 is in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 6 = 54. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   6,  2
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   6 + 2 = 8
3. Decide. 8 is not 9, so 62 is not in the 9 times table.
   No, 62 is not in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 6 = 54 and 9 × 7 = 63. 62 is in between. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   7,  2
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   7 + 2 = 9
3. Decide. The digits add up to 9.
   Yes, 72 is in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 8 = 72. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   8,  5
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   8 + 5 = 13
3. Decide. 13 is not 9, so 85 is not in the 9 times table.
   No, 85 is not in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 9 = 81 and 9 × 10 = 90. 85 is in between. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.

Method. Add up the digits. If they make 9 (or add to 9 again), the number is in the 9 times table.

1. Split the number into digits. The digit test looks at each digit on its own.
   3,  6
2. Add the digits. Every number in the 9 times table has digits that add up to 9 (or to 18, which adds to 9 again).
   3 + 6 = 9
3. Decide. The digits add up to 9.
   Yes, 36 is in the 9 times table.

Check. 9 × 4 = 36. ✓

Watch out. Add the digits and look for 9. It is not enough for the digits to be big or for the number to be odd.