Step-by-step Maths Level 3 Multiplication as repeated addition: check-up and practice test questions

Method. Find the total, then look at its last digit.

1. Work out the total. Use repeated addition or multiplication.
   6 + 6 + 6 = 18
2. Look at the last digit. Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.
   18 ends in 8
3. Write the answer. 18 is even.
   even

Check. Share 18 into two equal groups: yes, with none left.

Watch out. An even number can be shared into two equal groups with none left over.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Write the repeated addition. There are 6 groups of 6.
   6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
2. Use the multiplication sign. Groups of is the same as multiply, written with the × sign.
   6 × 6
3. Write the answer after the = sign. The total is the answer.
   6 × 6 = 36

Check. Check: 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 gives 36.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 3 for each group. There are 2 groups, so there are 2 lots of 3.
   3 + 3
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   3 + 3 = 6
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   6

Check. Count in 3s 2 times and you reach 6.

Watch out. Add 3 2 times. Do not add 2 3 times.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Write the repeated addition. There are 2 groups of 3.
   3 + 3
2. Use the multiplication sign. Groups of is the same as multiply, written with the × sign.
   2 × 3
3. Write the answer after the = sign. The total is the answer.
   2 × 3 = 6

Check. Check: 3 + 3 gives 6.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 2 for each group. There are 6 groups, so there are 6 lots of 2.
   2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   12

Check. Count in 2s 6 times and you reach 12.

Watch out. Add 2 6 times. Do not add 6 2 times.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Read it as 5 groups of 5. The first number tells how many groups.
   5 groups of 5
2. Write the repeated addition. Add the group size once for each group.
   5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25
3. Write the answer in the box. This is the missing number.
   25

Check. Check: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 gives 25.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 4 for each group. There are 5 groups, so there are 5 lots of 4.
   4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   20

Check. Count in 4s 5 times and you reach 20.

Watch out. Add 4 5 times. Do not add 5 4 times.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 3 for each group. There are 3 groups, so there are 3 lots of 3.
   3 + 3 + 3
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   3 + 3 + 3 = 9
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   9

Check. Count in 3s 3 times and you reach 9.

Watch out. Add 3 3 times. Do not add 3 3 times.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Read it as 3 groups of 5. The first number tells how many groups.
   3 groups of 5
2. Write the repeated addition. Add the group size once for each group.
   5 + 5 + 5 = 15
3. Write the answer in the box. This is the missing number.
   15

Check. Check: 5 + 5 + 5 gives 15.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Count the rows and the dots in each row, then multiply.

1. Count the rows. Each row is one group.
   4 rows
2. Count the dots in one row. Each row has the same number of dots.
   6 dots in each row
3. Multiply the rows by the dots in each row. Add one row again and again to find the total.
   4 × 6 = 24
4. Write the answer. This is the total number of dots.
   24

Check. Count the dots one by one: 24 in all.

Watch out. An array has rows and columns. The rows show the groups.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Read it as 5 groups of 5. The first number tells how many groups.
   5 groups of 5
2. Write the repeated addition. Add the group size once for each group.
   5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25
3. Write the answer in the box. This is the missing number.
   25

Check. Check: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 gives 25.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Count the rows and the dots in each row, then multiply.

1. Count the rows. Each row is one group.
   4 rows
2. Count the dots in one row. Each row has the same number of dots.
   4 dots in each row
3. Multiply the rows by the dots in each row. Add one row again and again to find the total.
   4 × 4 = 16
4. Write the answer. This is the total number of dots.
   16

Check. Count the dots one by one: 16 in all.

Watch out. An array has rows and columns. The rows show the groups.

Method. Find the total, then look at its last digit.

1. Work out the total. Use repeated addition or multiplication.
   3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
2. Look at the last digit. Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.
   12 ends in 2
3. Write the answer. 12 is even.
   even

Check. Share 12 into two equal groups: yes, with none left.

Watch out. An even number can be shared into two equal groups with none left over.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 5 for each group. There are 3 groups, so there are 3 lots of 5.
   5 + 5 + 5
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   5 + 5 + 5 = 15
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   15

Check. Count in 5s 3 times and you reach 15.

Watch out. Add 5 3 times. Do not add 3 5 times.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 2 for each group. There are 4 groups, so there are 4 lots of 2.
   2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   8

Check. Count in 2s 4 times and you reach 8.

Watch out. Add 2 4 times. Do not add 4 2 times.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Write the repeated addition. There are 6 groups of 5.
   5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5
2. Use the multiplication sign. Groups of is the same as multiply, written with the × sign.
   6 × 5
3. Write the answer after the = sign. The total is the answer.
   6 × 5 = 30

Check. Check: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 gives 30.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Find the total, then look at its last digit.

1. Work out the total. Use repeated addition or multiplication.
   3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15
2. Look at the last digit. Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.
   15 ends in 5
3. Write the answer. 15 is odd.
   odd

Check. Share 15 into two equal groups: no, one is left over.

Watch out. An even number can be shared into two equal groups with none left over.

Method. Groups of is multiply. Write the sentence, then find the total.

1. Write the repeated addition. There are 2 groups of 6.
   6 + 6
2. Use the multiplication sign. Groups of is the same as multiply, written with the × sign.
   2 × 6
3. Write the answer after the = sign. The total is the answer.
   2 × 6 = 12

Check. Check: 6 + 6 gives 12.

Watch out. The number in front is the number of groups. The number after is the size of each group.

Method. Repeated addition: add the same number once for each group.

1. Write one 5 for each group. There are 2 groups, so there are 2 lots of 5.
   5 + 5
2. Add them up. Add the groups one after another, or count in steps of the group size.
   5 + 5 = 10
3. Write the answer. This is the total altogether.
   10

Check. Count in 5s 2 times and you reach 10.

Watch out. Add 5 2 times. Do not add 2 5 times.

Method. Count the rows and the dots in each row, then multiply.

1. Count the rows. Each row is one group.
   3 rows
2. Count the dots in one row. Each row has the same number of dots.
   2 dots in each row
3. Multiply the rows by the dots in each row. Add one row again and again to find the total.
   3 × 2 = 6
4. Write the answer. This is the total number of dots.
   6

Check. Count the dots one by one: 6 in all.

Watch out. An array has rows and columns. The rows show the groups.