Year 6 · Long Multiplication, Long Division and BODMAS · Summary

Year 6 Long Multiplication, Long Division and BODMAS: summary and key words

Part of the Year 6 long multiplication, long division and bodmas chapter. Chapter overview · whole chapter on one page

Chapter summary

Skill	Method
Long multiplication	Multiply by the ones digit on one row. Write a 0 place holder, multiply by the tens digit on the next row, then add the rows.
Long division	Find how many times the divisor fits into each part of the number. Write the digit on top, multiply, subtract and bring down. The remainder is smaller than the divisor.
Remainders	Choose the answer the context needs: a whole number (round up or down), a fraction, or a rounded amount of money.
Short division	Divide each digit from the left. Carry the remainder to the next digit. For a two-digit divisor such as 12, divide by 3, then by 4, and combine the remainders.
Mental methods	Partition, use a near round number and correct, halve and double, or take off the zeros. Multiply and divide before you add and subtract.
Order of operations	Brackets first, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.
Estimation	Round each number to one significant figure, then calculate. An estimate shows whether the answer is sensible.
Degrees of accuracy	Round to the place the question asks for. Money is given to the nearest penny with two figures after the point.

I can multiply a number of up to four digits by a two-digit number using long multiplication.
I can divide a number of up to four digits by a two-digit number using long division, and write the remainder.
I can decide how to show a remainder: as a whole number, a fraction, or by rounding.
I can divide by a one-digit number using short division (the bus stop method).
I can use a mental method, such as partitioning or a near round number, to work out a calculation.
I can use the order of operations, including brackets, to work out a calculation.
I can estimate an answer and check whether my answer is sensible.
I can solve multi-step problems and give my answer to the right degree of accuracy.

Dividend: The number being divided, such as 2,048 in 2,048 ÷ 23.
Divisor: The number we divide by, such as 23 in 2,048 ÷ 23.
Quotient: The answer to a division, before any remainder is written.
Remainder: The amount left over after dividing. It is always smaller than the divisor.
Partial product: The answer to one part of a multiplication, such as 14,070 in the long multiplication of 2,345 × 16.
Place holder: A zero that keeps each digit in its correct column, such as the zero in the second row of long multiplication.
Carry: Move a digit to the next column to the left, when a column makes ten or more.
Bus stop method: Another name for short division. The remainder is carried to the next digit.
Order of operations: The order in which we work out a calculation: brackets, then multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction.
Partition: Split a number into easy parts, such as 36 = 30 + 6.
Estimate: An answer that is close to the exact answer, found by rounding.
Significant figure: The first digit of a number that is not zero, used when rounding to estimate.
Degree of accuracy: How closely a number is rounded, such as to the nearest 100 or the nearest penny.